Evaluating the effect of the accountability audit of natural resources on carbon emissions reduction in China

The accountability audit of natural resources (AANR) is a major institutional arrangement for advancing the construction of an ecological civilization in China. Based on the panel data of 271 cities in China from 2005 to 2017, this paper investigates the relationship between the AANR and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model. The results show that AANR significantly increases the CO2 emission reduction rate by 0.009 units at the 5% significance level. The results still hold after a series of robustness tests. Given all else being equal, this significant effect is 0.001. Further analyses show that AANR improves pilot cities’ CO2 emission reduction rates mainly by enhancing their green innovation capability. The mediating effect of cities’ green technology innovation capability accounts for 96.00%, while the AANR’s direct effect only accounts for 4.00%. The AANR has significantly positive effects of 0.017% and 0.029% for western cities and cities with high fiscal pressure at the 5% and 1% significance levels, respectively. Therefore, strengthening AANR implementation by enhancing the mediating efficiency of cities’ green technology innovations and implementing dynamically differentiated AANR policies in Chinese meso-cities will contribute to the achievement of China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets

Electronic specific heat and low energy quasiparticle excitations in superconducting state of La2−xSrxCuO4La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4 single crystals

Low temperature specific heat has been measured and extensively analyzed on a series of $La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4$ single crystals from underdoped to overdoped regime. From these data the quasiparticle density of states (DOS) in the mixed state is derived and compared to the predicted scaling law $C_{vol}/T\sqrt{H}=f(T/\sqrt{H})$ of d-wave superconductivity. It is found that the scaling law can be nicely followed by the optimally doped sample (x=0.15) in quite wide region of ($T/\sqrt{H} \leq 8 K /\sqrt{T}$). However, the region for this scaling becomes smaller and smaller towards more underdoped region: a clear trend can be seen for samples from x=0.15 to 0.069. Therefore, generally speaking, the scaling quality becomes worse on the underdoped samples in terms of scalable region of $T/\sqrt{H}$. This feature in the underdoped region is explained as due to the low energy excitations from a second order (for example, anti-ferromagnetic correlation, d-density wave, spin density wave or charge density wave order) that may co-exist or compete with superconductivity. Surprisingly, deviations from the d-wave scaling law have also been found for the overdoped sample (x=0.22). While the scaling law is reconciled for the overdoped sample when the core size effect is taken into account. An important discovery of present work is that the zero-temperature data follow the Volovik's relation $\Delta \gamma(T=0)=A\sqrt{H}$ quite well for all samples investigated here although the applicability of the d-wave scaling law to the data at finite temperatures varies with doped hole concentration. Finally we present the doping dependence of some parameters, such as, the residual linear term $\gamma_0$, the $\alpha$ value, etc. ...Comment: 15 pages, 24 figure

High Q-factor, high contrast, and multi-band optical sensor based on plasmonic square bracket dimer metasurface

A high-performance resonant metasurface is rather promising for diverse application areas such as optical sensing and filtering. Herein, a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) optical sensor with merits of a high quality-factor (Q-factor), multiple operating bands, and high spectrum contrast is proposed using plasmonic square bracket dimer metasurface. Due to the complex square bracket itself, a dimer structure of two oppositely placed square brackets, and metasurface array configuration, multiple kinds of mode coupling can be devised in the inner and outer elements within the metasurface, enabling four sensing channels with the sensitivities higher than 200 nm/RIU for refractive index sensing. Among them, the special sensing channel based on the reflection-type surface lattice resonance (SLR) mechanism has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 2 nm, a high peak-to-dip signal contrast of 0.82, a high Q-factor of 548, and it can also behave as a good sensing channel for the thickness measurement of the deposition layer. The multi-band sensor can work normally in a large refractive index or thickness range, and the number of resonant channels can be further increased by simply breaking the structural symmetry or changing the polarization angle of incident light. Equipped with unique advantages, the suggested plasmonic metasurface has great potential in sensing, monitoring, filtering, and other applications

A regression method for EEG-based cross-dataset fatigue detection

Introduction: Fatigue is dangerous for certain jobs requiring continuous concentration. When faced with new datasets, the existing fatigue detection model needs a large amount of electroencephalogram (EEG) data for training, which is resource-consuming and impractical. Although the cross-dataset fatigue detection model does not need to be retrained, no one has studied this problem previously. Therefore, this study will focus on the design of the cross-dataset fatigue detection model.Methods: This study proposes a regression method for EEG-based cross-dataset fatigue detection. This method is similar to self-supervised learning and can be divided into two steps: pre-training and the domain-specific adaptive step. To extract specific features for different datasets, a pretext task is proposed to distinguish data on different datasets in the pre-training step. Then, in the domain-specific adaptation stage, these specific features are projected into a shared subspace. Moreover, the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) is exploited to continuously narrow the differences in the subspace so that an inherent connection can be built between datasets. In addition, the attention mechanism is introduced to extract continuous information on spatial features, and the gated recurrent unit (GRU) is used to capture time series information.Results: The accuracy and root mean square error (RMSE) achieved by the proposed method are 59.10% and 0.27, respectively, which significantly outperforms state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods.Discussion: In addition, this study discusses the effect of labeled samples. When the number of labeled samples is 10% of the total number, the accuracy of the proposed model can reach 66.21%. This study fills a vacancy in the field of fatigue detection. In addition, the EEG-based cross-dataset fatigue detection method can be used for reference by other EEG-based deep learning research practices

Stepped-height ridge waveguide MQW polarization mode converter monolithically integrated with sidewall grating DFB laser

We report the first demonstration of a 1555 nm stepped-height ridge waveguide polarization mode converter monolithically integrated with a side wall grating distributed-feedback (DFB) laser using the identical epitaxial layer scheme. The device shows stable single longitudinal mode (SLM) operation with the output light converted from TE to TM polarization with an efficiency of >94% over a wide range of DFB injection currents (IDFB) from 140 mA to 190 mA. The highest TM mode purity of 98.2% was obtained at IDFB=180 mA. A particular advantage of this device is that only a single step of metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy and two steps of III-V material dry etching are required for the whole integrated device fabrication, significantly reducing complexity and cost

Visualization of ultrasonic wave field by stroboscopic polarization selective imaging

A stroboscopic method based on polarization selective imaging is proposed for dynamic visualization of ultrasonic waves propagating in a transparent medium. Multiple independent polarization parametric images were obtained, which enabled quantitative evaluation of the distribution of the ultrasonic pressure in quartz. In addition to the detection of optical phase differences δ in conventional photo-elastic techniques, the azimuthal angle φ and the Stokes parameter S2 of the polarized light are found to be highly sensitive to the wave-induced refraction index distribution, opening a new window on ultrasonic field visualization

Regrowth-free AlGaInAs MQW polarization controller integrated with sidewall grating DFB laser

We report an AlGaInAs multiple quantum well integrated source of polarization controlled light consisting of a polarization mode converter PMC, differential phase shifter(DPS), and a side wall grating distributed-feedback DFB laser. We demonstrate an asymmetrical stepped-height ridge waveguide PMC to realize TE to TM polarization conversion and a symmetrical straight waveguide DPS to enable polarization rotation from approximately counterclockwise circular polarization to linear polarization. Based on the identical epitaxial layer scheme, all of the PMC, DPS, and DFB laser can be integrated monolithically using only a single step of metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy and two steps of III V material dry etching. For the DFB-PMC device, a high TE to TM polarization conversion efficiency 98% over a wide range of DFB injection currents is reported at 1555 nm wavelength. For the DFB-PMC-DPS device, a 60 degree rotation of the Stokes vector was obtained on the Poincar\'e sphere with a range of bias voltage from 0 V to -4.0 V at IDFB is 170 mA.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2210.1051

Diptoindonesin G promotes ERK-mediated nuclear translocation of p-STAT1 (Ser727) and cell differentiation in AML cells.

Exploration of a new differentiation therapy that extends the range of differentiation for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is attractive to researchers and clinicians. Here we report that diptoindonesin G (Dip G), a natural resveratrol aneuploid, exerts antiproliferative activity by inducing G2/M phase arrest and cell differentiation in AML cell lines and primary AML cells. Gene-profiling experiments showed that treating human leukemia HL-60 cells with Dip G was associated with a remarkable upregulation of STAT1 target gene expression, including IFIT3 and CXCL10. Mechanistically, Dip G activated ERK, which caused phosphorylation of STAT1 at Ser727 and selectively enhanced the interaction of p-STAT1 (Ser727) and p-ERK, further promoting their nuclear translocation. The nuclear translocation of p-STAT1 and p-ERK enhanced the transactivation of STAT1-targeted genes in AML cells. Furthermore, in vivo treatment of HL-60 xenografts demonstrated that Dip G significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor weight by inducing cell differentiation. Taken together, these results shed light on an essential role for ERK-mediated nuclear translocation of p-STAT1 (Ser727) and its full transcriptional activity in Dip G-induced differentiation of AML cells. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that Dip G could be used as a differentiation-inducing agent for AML therapy, particularly for non-acute promyelocytic leukemia therapy

Theoretical study of the influence of doped niobium on the electronic properties of CsPbBr3

In the family of inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), CsPbBr3 has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent stability under high humidity and high temperature conditions. However, power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement of CsPbBr3-based PSCs is markedly limited by the large optical absorption loss coming from the wide band gap and serious charge recombination at interfaces and/or within the perovskite film. In this work, using density functional theory calculations, we systemically studied the electronic properties of niobium (Nb)-doped CsPbBr3 with different concentration ratios. As a result, it is found that doped CsPbBr3 compounds are metallic at high Nb doping concentration but semiconducting at low Nb doping concentration. The calculated electronic density of states shows that the conduction band is predominantly constructed of doped Nb. These characteristics make them very suitable for solar cell and energy storage applications