Development and external validation of dual online tools for prognostic assessment in elderly patients with high-grade glioma: a comprehensive study using SEER and Chinese cohorts

BackgroundElderly individuals diagnosed with high-grade gliomas frequently experience unfavorable outcomes. We aimed to design two web-based instruments for prognosis to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), assisting clinical decision-making.MethodsWe scrutinized data from the SEER database on 5,245 elderly patients diagnosed with high-grade glioma between 2000-2020, segmenting them into training (3,672) and validation (1,573) subsets. An additional external validation cohort was obtained from our institution. Prognostic determinants were pinpointed using Cox regression analyses, which facilitated the construction of the nomogram. The nomogram’s predictive precision for OS and CSS was gauged using calibration and ROC curves, the C-index, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Based on risk scores, patients were stratified into high or low-risk categories, and survival disparities were explored.ResultsUsing multivariate Cox regression, we identified several prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in elderly patients with high-grade gliomas, including age, tumor location, size, surgical technique, and therapies. Two digital nomograms were formulated anchored on these determinants. For OS, the C-index values in the training, internal, and external validation cohorts were 0.734, 0.729, and 0.701, respectively. We also derived AUC values for 3-, 6-, and 12-month periods. For CSS, the C-index values for the training and validation groups were 0.733 and 0.727, with analogous AUC metrics. The efficacy and clinical relevance of the nomograms were corroborated via ROC curves, calibration plots, and DCA for both cohorts.ConclusionOur investigation pinpointed pivotal risk factors in elderly glioma patients, leading to the development of an instrumental prognostic nomogram for OS and CSS. This instrument offers invaluable insights to optimize treatment strategies

Spectral characteristics of surface-plasmon–enhanced photoluminescence in nanocrystalline SiC films

Multilayer structures of nanocrystalline (nc-) SiC/silicon nitride spacer/Ag island films were designed by varying the spacer thickness, and the spectral characteristics of surface-plasmons (SPs)–enhanced photoluminescence (PL) in nc-SiC films have been investigated. The optical transmission spectra show that there are two SPs resonant optical absorption bands in the out-of-plane and in-plane modes for the Ag island film on the sample surface. While PL quenching occurred for the sample with the thinnest spacer, the maximum PL enhancement for nc-SiC is achieved when the thickness of the spacer is suitable, suggesting that the SP enhancement can dominate over nonradiative energy dissipation by varying the spacer thickness. In the case of PL enhancement, the PL excitation spectrum shows an enhancement peak at the resonant wavelength of the out-of-plane mode of SPs, indicating that the excitation enhancement in nc-SiC films occurs due to the incident-light resonant coupling with out-of-plane SPs. Whereas, the increased PL decay rate is observed in the temporal PL spectrum, implying that the SPs scattering enhancement in the nc-SiC film is induced by in-plane SP resonant coupling. In the case of PL quenching, although an enhancement factor less than 1 is observed in the PL excitation spectrum, an increased light emission decay rate is also revealed in the temporal PL spectrum, which indicates that the nonradiative energy dissipation of light emission in the Ag island film is the main coupling mechanism when the spacer is too thin

Effect of Mg(II) and Na(I) Doping on the Electronic Structure and Mechanical Properties of Kaolinite

Because kaolinite has multiple defects, it is very important to study the effect of different doped cations on the electronic structure and mechanical properties of kaolinite (Al4Si4O18H8) from the microscopic point of view with the first-principle calculation method. The results exhibited that the doping of Mg(II) and Na(I) makes the ion bond and layer spacing of kaolinite crystal change, and the bond length of the chemical bond between the doped and O atom is positively related to the atomic radius of the doped cations. Compared with undoped kaolinite crystal, the band gap width of the Mg-doped and Na-doped kaolinite crystal was larger, but the typical insulator characteristics were still maintained. Compared with undoped kaolinite crystal, Mg-doped and Na-doped kaolinite crystal had more electron transfer to O, while the Mg–O bond and Na–O bond had more ionic bond properties and less covalent bond composition than the Al–O bond. Finally, the elastic properties of undoped, Mg-doped, and Na-doped kaolinite crystal were further analyzed by calculating the elastic constant matrix. The influence of doping Mg(II) and Na(I) on C11 and C22 was greater than that on C33, indicating that doping had a greater influence on the stiffness in the direction of the parallel crystal plane. The doping of Mg(II) and Na(I) weakened the rigidity of kaolinite crystal materials and improved the plasticity and ductility of the materials. The atom-scale information provided a basis for explaining the mechanical behavior of kaolinite and is expected to provide guidance for solving the deformation problems in soft rock roadways

A multiplex microsatellite PCR method for evaluating genetic diversity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Grass carp is one of the most important cultured fishes all over the world. The genetic diversity of grass carp plays an important role whatever in selective breeding progress or ecological conservation purposes. However, some genetic diversity researches were not accuracy and cannot be compared with each other due to different molecular markers, sample size and detection methods. In this study, we constructed five multiplex PCR assays contained 20 microsatellites with highly polymorphism and heterozygosity for evaluating genetic information of grass carp. We used nine cultured populations consisting of 507 individuals to detect stability of the five multiplex PCR assays. The results showed that the number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 20 microsatellite loci were relative high compared with the genetic diversity parameters of microsatellite loci developed by other researchers. Six loci were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.01). And with exception of the Shaoguan, Indian and Nepal cultured population, all other cultured populations showed very high genetic diversity. Through the test of grass carp populations, we developed an effective and accurate multiplex SSR-PCR assays that can be as statistical powerful tool for detecting genetic information of grass carp. Keywords: Grass carp, Microsatellite, Multiplex PCR assay, Genetic diversit

Extracellular vesicles: Potential role in osteoarthritis regenerative medicine

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent whole joint disease characterised by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone sclerosis and bone remodelling, and synovium inflammation, leading to pain, deformity, and cartilage dysfunction. Currently, there is no appropriate therapy for OA, and available treatments simply aim to reduce pain and swelling. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cells, receiving increasing interest because of their effect in cell-to-cell communication. Increasing evidence suggests that exosomes play an important role in cartilage physiological and pathological effects. This article reviews the potential role of exosomes in OA regenerative medicine. Special attention is given to mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes due to the extensive research on their cartilage repair property and their function as miRNA cargo. More investigations are needed for the effects of exosomes from synovial fluid and chondrocytes in joints. A better understanding of the mechanisms will contribute to a novel and promising therapy for OA patients.The translational potential of this article:A better understanding of the role of extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine will contribute to a novel and promising therapy for OA patients

Evolution of photoluminescence life-times distribution in Si-QD/SiO

Si-rich oxide/SiO2 multilayer films with different N2O flow rates have been deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique, and Si quantum dot (Si-QD)/SiO2 multilayer films are obtained by 1100 °C annealing. Steady photoluminescence (PL) spectra show that the main optical emission mechanism changes from quantum confinement effect of Si-QDs to interface defect states with increasing the flow rate of N2O. Curve fittings of time-resolved PL spectra show that two log-normal decay time distribution bands are obtained, and both the most frequent life-times decrease with increasing the flow rate of N2O, while increase with the red shift of detecting wavelength. Analyses indicate that defect states density and size distribution of Si-QDs strongly influence the PL decay properties

High bacterial diversity and siderophore-producing bacteria collectively suppress Fusarium oxysporum in maize/faba bean intercropping

Beyond interacting with neighboring plants, crop performance is affected by the microbiome that includes pathogens and mutualists. While the importance of plant–plant interactions in explaining overyielding in intercropping is well known, the role of the microbiome, in particular how the presence of microbes from heterospecific crop species inhibit pathogens of the focal plants in affecting yield remains hardly explored. Here we performed both field samplings and pot experiments to investigate the microbial interactions in the maize/faba bean intercropping system, with the focus on the inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum in faba bean plants. Long-term field measurements show that maize/faba bean intercropping increased crop yield, reduced the gene copies of F. oxysporum by 30–84% and increased bacterial richness and Shannon index compared to monocropping. Bacterial networks in intercropping were more stable with more hub nodes than the respective monocultures. Furthermore, the observed changes of whole microbial communities were aligned with differences in the number of siderophore-producing rhizobacteria in maize and pathogen abundances in faba bean. Maize possessed 71% more siderophore-producing rhizobacteria and 33% more synthetases genes abundance of nonribosomal peptides, especially pyochelin, relative to faba bean. This was further evidenced by the increased numbers of siderophore-producing bacteria and decreased gene copies of F. oxysporum in the rhizosphere of intercropped faba bean. Four bacteria (Pseudomonas spp. B004 and B021, Bacillus spp. B005 and B208) from 95 isolates antagonized F. oxysporum f. sp. fabae. In particular, B005, which represented a hub node in the networks, showed particularly high siderophore-producing capabilities. Intercropping increased overall bacterial diversity and network complexity and the abundance of siderophore-producing bacteria, leading to facilitated pathogen suppression and increased resistance of faba bean to F. oxysporum. This study has great agronomic implications as microorganisms might be specifically targeted to optimize intercropping practices in the future

Inhibition of Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase Suppressed Cartilage Degradation and Synovial Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Experimental Osteoarthritis

Objective: Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the osteoarthritis (OA) pathology but how this influence OA disease progression is unclear. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent proinflammatory lipid mediator generated from arachidonic acid through the sequential activities of 5-lipoxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase–activating protein, Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) and its downstream product LTB4. The aim of this study is to investigate the involvement and the potential therapeutic target of the LTB4 pathway in OA disease progression. Design: Both clinical human cartilage samples (n = 7) and mice experimental OA models (n = 6) were used. The levels of LTA4H and leukotriene B4 receptor 1 were first examined using immunostaining in human OA/non-OA cartilage and mice experimental OA models. We also determined whether the LTA4H pathway was associated with cartilage degeneration and synovitis inflammation in OA mice models and human articular chondrocytes. Results: We found that both LTA4H and LTB4 receptor (BLT1) were highly expressed in human and mice OA cartilage. Inhibition of LTA4H suppressed cartilage degeneration and synovitis in OA mice model. Furthermore, inhibition of LTA4H promoted cartilage regeneration by upregulating chondrogenic genes expression such as aggrecan (ACAN), collagen 2A1 (COL2A1), and SRY-Box transcription factor 9 (SOX9). Conclusions: Our results indicate that the LTA4H pathway is a crucial regulator of OA pathogenesis and suggest that LTA4H could be a therapeutic target in combat OA.</p

DataSheet2_Unveiling the landscape of cytokine research in glioma immunotherapy: a scientometrics analysis.pdf

Background: Cytokines modulate the glioma tumor microenvironment, influencing occurrence, progression, and treatment response. Strategic cytokine application may improve glioma immunotherapy outcomes. Gliomas remain refractory to standard therapeutic modalities, but immunotherapy shows promise given the integral immunomodulatory roles of cytokines. However, systematic evaluation of cytokine glioma immunotherapy research is absent. Bibliometric mapping of the research landscape, recognition of impactful contributions, and elucidation of evolutive trajectories and hot topics has yet to occur, potentially guiding future efforts. Here, we analyzed the structure, evolution, trends, and hotspots of the cytokine glioma immunotherapy research field, subsequently focusing on avenues for future investigation.Methods: This investigation conducted comprehensive bibliometric analyses on a corpus of 1529 English-language publications, from 1 January 2000, to 4 October 2023, extracted from the Web of Science database. The study employed tools including Microsoft Excel, Origin, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the Bibliometrix R package, to systematically assess trends in publication, contributions from various countries, institutions, authors, and journals, as well as to examine literature co-citation and keyword distributions within the domain of cytokines for glioma immunotherapy. The application of these methodologies facilitated a detailed exploration of the hotspots, the underlying knowledge structure, and the developments in the field of cytokines for glioma immunotherapy.Results: This bibliometric analysis revealed an exponential growth in annual publications, with the United States, China, and Germany as top contributors. Reviews constituted 17% and research articles 83% of total publications. Analysis of keywords like “interleukin-13,” “TGF-beta,” and “dendritic cells” indicated progression from foundational cytokine therapies to sophisticated understanding of the tumor microenvironment and immune dynamics. Key research avenues encompassed the tumor microenvironment, epidermal growth factor receptor, clinical trials, and interleukin pathways. This comprehensive quantitative mapping of the glioma immunotherapy cytokine literature provides valuable insights to advance future research and therapeutic development.Conclusion: This study has identified remaining knowledge gaps regarding the role of cytokines in glioma immunotherapy. Future research will likely focus on the tumor microenvironment, cancer vaccines, epidermal growth factor receptor, and interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2. Glioma immunotherapy development will continue through investigations into resistance mechanisms, microglia and macrophage biology, and interactions within the complex tumor microenvironment.</p