Two new compounds from biotransformation of glycyrrhetinic acid

Glycyrrhetinic acid may undergo biotransformation to obtain derivatives with stronger pharmacological activity and fewer side effects. This study used 19 fungi to biotransform glycyrrhetinic acid and yielded two compounds namely bicyclo(14.15.27)glycyrrhetinic acid (1) and 2-ene-glycyrrhetinic acid (2) from the glycyrrhetinic acid metabolites of two fungi, Botrytis cinerea B05.10 ATCC 11542 and Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis ATCC 12066. Compound 1 inhibited HMEC-1 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50=239.1 µ M), but showed no significant cytotoxicity to A549 cells.</p

Fitting results of annual PM_2.5 data for 2015.

<p>Fitting results of annual PM_2.5 data for 2015.</p

Cross-validation results of annual PM_2.5 data for 2015.

<p>Cross-validation results of annual PM_2.5 data for 2015.</p

Cross-validation results of PM_2.5 data for summer 2015.

<p>Cross-validation results of PM_2.5 data for summer 2015.</p

The coefficients estimated in the regression models.

<p>The coefficients estimated in the regression models.</p

Cross-validation results of PM_2.5 data for spring 2015.

<p>Cross-validation results of PM_2.5 data for spring 2015.</p

Fitting results of PM_2.5 data for autumn 2015.

<p>Fitting results of PM_2.5 data for autumn 2015.</p

Summary of R² and error measure for fitting and cross-validation result.

<p>Summary of R² and error measure for fitting and cross-validation result.</p

Fitting results of PM_2.5 data for winter 2015.

<p>Fitting results of PM_2.5 data for winter 2015.</p

Fitting results of PM_2.5 data for spring 2015.

<p>Fitting results of PM_2.5 data for spring 2015.</p