Le regole del gioco: Primo incontro con l'ingegneria strategica

Cu particles decorated carbon composite microspheres (CCMs) with a unique sesame ball structure have been prepared by combining the mass-producible spray drying technique with calcinations. The conventional cuprammonium cellulose complex solution obtained by dissolving cellulose in a cuprammonia solution has been applied as raw materials for the preparation of Cu­(NH₃)₄²⁺/cellulose complex microspheres via a spray drying process. The resulted Cu­(NH₃)₄²⁺/cellulose complex microspheres are then transformed into the Cu particles homogeneously decorated porous carbon spheres <i>in situ</i> by calcinations at 450 or 550 °C. The coordination effect between the Cu­(NH₃)₄²⁺ species and the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose macromolecules has been exploited for directing the dispersion of the Cu particles in the resultant composite CCMs. The antimicrobial effects of the CCMs are evaluated by determining the minimum growth inhibitory concentrations using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as representatives, respectively. The CCMs show high efficiency catalytic properties to the conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol using NaBH₄ as a reductant in a mild condition. The recyclability and stability of the CCM catalysts have also been studied

Structural Dynamics and Charge Transfer in Electronically Excited <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′‑Dimethylpiperazine

Two identical ionization centers, one on each nitrogen atom, make <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-dimethylpiperazine an important model to explore how the transfer of a (partial) charge is linked to the structural deformations of the molecular skeleton. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy uncovered that upon excitation to the 3p Rydberg level at 207 nm only one of the initially symmetry-equivalent nitrogen atoms acquires the charge, creating an asymmetric molecular structure with a localized charge. Rapid internal conversion to 3s leads to a multitude of conformeric structures with the charge localized on one nitrogen atom (230 fs time constant) and a rigid structure with the charge delocalized over both nitrogen atoms (480 fs time constant). Structural motions continue while the molecule samples the 3s potential energy landscape, leading to an equilibrium between charge-localized and charge-delocalized conformeric structures that is approached with a 2.65 ps time constant

The phenotypes of seed reserve utilization related traits among the selected RILs and two parents at three germination stages.

<p>The phenotypes of seed reserve utilization related traits among the selected RILs and two parents at three germination stages.</p

Location of epistatic QTLs for seed reserve utilization related traits on linkage groups in joint analysis of three germination stages.

<p>SDW: seedling dry weight; WMSR: weight of mobilized seed reserve; SRUE: seed reserve utilization efficiency. The chromosome names are listed on the top left of the bar; the map distances (cM) are shown below the bar and the markers are shown above the bar.</p

The epistatic QTL for seed reserve utilization related traits in joint analysis of three germination stages.

a<p>SDW: seedling dry weight; WMSR: weight of mobilized seed reserve; SRUE: seed reserve utilization efficiency;</p>b<p>Chromosome on which the QTL was located;</p>c<p>A represents the estimated additive effect of epistatic QTL, and AD1, AD2 and AD3 represents the additive effects of epistatic QTL at day 6, 10 and 14 of germination, respectively; Its positive value indicates that two loci genotypes being the same as those in parent Jiucaiqing (or IR26) take the positive effects, while the two-loci recombinants take the negative effects;</p>d<p>r² (A) and r² (AD) represents the phenotypic variation explained by the epistatic QTL and epistatic QTL × development interactions, respectively;</p><p>**indicates significance at the level of 1%.</p

Phenotypic values of seed reserve utilization related traits among the parents and RILs population at three germination stages.

a<p>SDW: seedling dry weight, mg per seed; WMSR: weight of mobilized seed reserve, mg per seed; SRUE: seed reserve utilization efficiency, mg per mg;</p>b<p>Means ± SD (standard deviation);</p><p>**indicates significance at the level of 1% according to Student's <i>t</i>-test;</p>c<p>RILs sample size n = 150, replications r = 3.</p

Parental combinations predicted from RILs of seed reserve utilization related traits.

a<p>SDW: seedling dry weight; WMSR: weight of mobilized seed reserve; SRUE: seed reserve utilization efficiency.</p

Density, Viscosity, and Freezing Point for Four Binary Systems of <i>n</i>‑Dodecane or Methylcyclohexane Mixed with 1‑Heptanol or Cyclohexylmethanol

Measurements on density and viscosity at <i>T</i> = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 313.15, 318.15, 323.15, 328.15, and 333.15) K and the pressure <i>P</i> = 0.1 MPa for binary mixtures of <i>n</i>-dodecane or methylcyclohexane with 1-heptanol or cyclohexylmethanol have been carried out over the whole composition range. Densities were measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. Viscosities were determined by an automatic microviscometer based on the rolling-ball principle. The excess molar volumes (<i>V</i>_m^E) and viscosity deviations (Δη) were calculated with experimental data and fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation. The results of these excess or deviation functions are explained by molecular interactions and structural effects. Freezing points were measured with a differential scanning calorimeter. The fundamental data, <i>V</i>_m^E and Δη can be used to study the nature of mixing behaviors between new hydrocarbon fuels

Unconditional and conditional QTL for seed reserve utilization related traits at three germination stages.

<p>* The unconditional QTL at day 6 stage is same with the conditional QTL during day 0 to 6 stage. The circle size represents the magnitude of phenotypic variance explained by each QTL. Yellow circle indicates that the positive allele of Jiucaiqing could increase the value of traits. Green circle indicates that the positive allele of IR26 could increase the value of traits.</p

Correlation coefficients between seed reserve utilization related traits and seed weight at three germination stages.

a<p>ISDW: initial seed dry weight; SDW: seedling dry weight; WMSR: weight of mobilized seed reserve; SRUE: seed reserve utilization efficiency;</p>b<p>Unconditional phenotypic values at the day 6, 10 and 14 of germination;</p>c<p>Conditional phenotypic values in the intervals from day 0 to 6 (<i>t₆/t₀</i>), 6 to 10 (<i>t₁₀/t₆</i>) and 10 to 14 (<i>t₁₄/t₁₀</i>) of germination;</p><p>**indicates significance at the level of 1%.</p