Lofty pine and clinging vine: The educational 'Great Gatsby Curve' and the role of house prices

We investigate the heterogeneous and nonlinear intergenerational transmission channels of education and the impact on this of house price appreciation. Using the China Household Finance Survey 2011, we construct household history of property purchases and educational investment over the past 16 years with current filial educational achievement. Using quantile instrumental regressions, we find that through tightening households' credit constraints, rising house prices weaken the paternal intergenerational educational correlation by 38 per cent (from 0.366 to 0.226) but enhance the maternal correlation by 84 per cent (from 0.165 to 0.303). Decomposition analysis indicates the existence of glass-ceiling effects for females and rural offspring aiming to achieve high educational attainment due to narrower opportunities, and also glass-floor effects for urban offspring due to more endowment, which in turn leads to gender and urban-rural educational gaps across generations. The opportunity effect drives increasing intergenerational persistence of education over time

Effect of Mn Addition and Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mg–Ag–Mn Alloy

The high corrosion sensitivity and the potential bio-toxicity of Mg-Ag alloys limit their wide applications for the production of implanted devices. In the present work, Mn is added into the Mg-Ag alloy to optimize its corrosion behaviour. The corrosion behaviour of Mg-Ag-Mn alloys is investigated with the underlying microstructural factors examined. The Mg-Ag alloy with 2 wt. % Mn exhibits the highest corrosion resistance after post-casting heat treatment at 440 ⁰C. The addition of Mn results in α-Mn phase with the incorporation of Fe, which suppresses the cathodic activity of impurity Fe. Further, heat treatment of the cast alloys homogenizes the distribution of Ag and promotes the precipitation of α-Mn phase. The former removes Ag segregations as potential cathodes; the latter promotes a more uniform distribution of cathodes and, therefore, prevents localized corrosion.<br/

Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning for prevention of acute high-altitude diseases: Fact or fiction?

Acute high-altitude diseases, including acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), have been recognized as potentially lethal diseases for altitude climbers. Various preconditioning stimuli, including hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), have been proposed to prevent acute high-altitude diseases. Herein, we reviewed whether and how HBO preconditioning could affect high-altitude diseases and summarized the results of current trials. Evidence suggests that HBO preconditioning may be a safe and effective preventive method for acute high-altitude diseases. The proposed mechanisms of HBO preconditioning in preventing high-altitude diseases may involve: 1) protection of the blood-brain barrier and prevention of brain edema, 2) inhibition of the inflammatory responses, 3) induction of the hypoxia-inducible factor and its target genes, and 4) increase in antioxidant activity. However, the optimal protocol of HBO preconditioning needs further exploration. Translating the beneficial effects of HBO preconditioning into current practice requires the “conditioning strategies” approach. More large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled studies are needed in the future

THiFLY Research at SemEval-2023 Task 7: A Multi-granularity System for CTR-based Textual Entailment and Evidence Retrieval

The NLI4CT task aims to entail hypotheses based on Clinical Trial Reports (CTRs) and retrieve the corresponding evidence supporting the justification. This task poses a significant challenge, as verifying hypotheses in the NLI4CT task requires the integration of multiple pieces of evidence from one or two CTR(s) and the application of diverse levels of reasoning, including textual and numerical. To address these problems, we present a multi-granularity system for CTR-based textual entailment and evidence retrieval in this paper. Specifically, we construct a Multi-granularity Inference Network (MGNet) that exploits sentence-level and token-level encoding to handle both textual entailment and evidence retrieval tasks. Moreover, we enhance the numerical inference capability of the system by leveraging a T5-based model, SciFive, which is pre-trained on the medical corpus. Model ensembling and a joint inference method are further utilized in the system to increase the stability and consistency of inference. The system achieves f1-scores of 0.856 and 0.853 on textual entailment and evidence retrieval tasks, resulting in the best performance on both subtasks. The experimental results corroborate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/THUMLP/NLI4CT.Comment: Accepted by SemEval202

Meta-analysis of changes in thiol-disulfide homeostasis during preeclampsia

The present study systematically assessed alterations in thiol-disulfide homeostasis among women with preeclampsia (PE) through meta-analysis. This was conducted as such changes are believed to be associated with the oxidative stress underlying this condition. A comprehensive search of Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted from their inception until 22 March 2023, to identify studies comparing levels of native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide between pregnant women with PE and those without PE. Results were pooled using a random-effects model to account for study heterogeneity. The analysis included a total of 631 women diagnosed with PE and 668 healthy pregnant women, encompassing 13 case-control studies and 1 prospective study. Pooled outcomes revealed that women with PE had significantly lower blood levels of native thiol, (mean difference [MD] -51.42 umol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI] -79.75 to -23.10 umol/L; P 0.05). In conclusion, women with PE are associated with significantly reduced blood levels of native and total thiols but show no change in blood disulfide levels, suggesting a state of reduced antioxidants in PE

The intergenerational impact of house prices on education: evidence from China

We investigate heterogeneous and nonlinear intergenerational transmission of education and the impact on this of house prices. Using the China Household Finance Survey, we construct household history of property purchases and educational investment over the past 16 years with current filial educational achievement. High house prices tighten the household's credit constraints, resulting in the concave slopes of filial education as a function of father's education. On average one standard deviation in father's (mother's) education accounts for 0.375 (0.098) standard deviations of filial education. Decomposition reveals the “glass ceiling” and the “glass floor” in two tails of education distribution