Displacement of Bax by BMF Mediates STARD13 3′UTR-Induced Breast Cancer Cells Apoptosis in an miRNA-Depedent Manner

The balance of pro- and antiapoptotic gene expression programs dominates the apoptotic progress of cancer cells. We previously demonstrated that STARD13 3′UTR suppressed breast cancer metastasis via inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the roles of STARD13 3′UTR in breast cancer apoptosis remain elusive. Here, we identified that STARD13 3′UTR promoted cell apoptosis <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Mechanistically, STARD13 3′UTR acted as a ceRNA for BMF (Bcl-2 modifying factor), thus increasing BMF expression in an miRNA-dependent manner. Meanwhile, STARD13 3′UTR enhanced the interaction of BMF/Bcl-2 to release Bax (Bcl-2 associated X protein) in breast cancer cells. Finally, we verified the ceRNA relationship between STARD13 and BMF <i>in vivo</i>. Collectively, these findings suggest that STARD13 3′UTR could act as a ceRNA for BMF to promote apoptosis and recognize STARD13 3′UTR as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer cells

Image5_Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method combined with UPLC-PAD fingerprint analysis based on saikosaponin for discrimination of Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origin.PNG

Background: Saikosaponins are regarded as one of the most likely antipyretic constituents of Bupleuri Radix, establishing a comprehensive method that can reflect both the proportion of all constituents and the content of each saikosaponin is critical for its quality evaluation.Methods: In this study, the combination method of quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) and fingerprint was firstly established for simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of saikosaponins in Bupleuri Radix by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).Results: The results showed that saikosaponin d was identified as the optimum IR by evaluating the fluctuations and stability of the relative calibration factors (RCFs) under four different conditions. The new QAMS method has been confirmed to accurately quantify the 7 kinds of saikosaponins by comparing the obtained results with those obtained from external standard method and successfully classify the 20 batches of Bupleuri Radix from 8 provinces of China. The experimental time of fingerprint was significantly reduced to approximate 0.5 h through UPLC-PAD method, a total of 17 common peaks were identified.Conclusion: The QAMS-fingerprint method is feasible and reliable for the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix. This method could be considered to be spread in the production enterprises of Bupleuri Radix.</p

DataSheet2_Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method combined with UPLC-PAD fingerprint analysis based on saikosaponin for discrimination of Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origin.CSV

Background: Saikosaponins are regarded as one of the most likely antipyretic constituents of Bupleuri Radix, establishing a comprehensive method that can reflect both the proportion of all constituents and the content of each saikosaponin is critical for its quality evaluation.Methods: In this study, the combination method of quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) and fingerprint was firstly established for simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of saikosaponins in Bupleuri Radix by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).Results: The results showed that saikosaponin d was identified as the optimum IR by evaluating the fluctuations and stability of the relative calibration factors (RCFs) under four different conditions. The new QAMS method has been confirmed to accurately quantify the 7 kinds of saikosaponins by comparing the obtained results with those obtained from external standard method and successfully classify the 20 batches of Bupleuri Radix from 8 provinces of China. The experimental time of fingerprint was significantly reduced to approximate 0.5 h through UPLC-PAD method, a total of 17 common peaks were identified.Conclusion: The QAMS-fingerprint method is feasible and reliable for the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix. This method could be considered to be spread in the production enterprises of Bupleuri Radix.</p

Table2_Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method combined with UPLC-PAD fingerprint analysis based on saikosaponin for discrimination of Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origin.XLSX

Background: Saikosaponins are regarded as one of the most likely antipyretic constituents of Bupleuri Radix, establishing a comprehensive method that can reflect both the proportion of all constituents and the content of each saikosaponin is critical for its quality evaluation.Methods: In this study, the combination method of quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) and fingerprint was firstly established for simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of saikosaponins in Bupleuri Radix by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).Results: The results showed that saikosaponin d was identified as the optimum IR by evaluating the fluctuations and stability of the relative calibration factors (RCFs) under four different conditions. The new QAMS method has been confirmed to accurately quantify the 7 kinds of saikosaponins by comparing the obtained results with those obtained from external standard method and successfully classify the 20 batches of Bupleuri Radix from 8 provinces of China. The experimental time of fingerprint was significantly reduced to approximate 0.5 h through UPLC-PAD method, a total of 17 common peaks were identified.Conclusion: The QAMS-fingerprint method is feasible and reliable for the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix. This method could be considered to be spread in the production enterprises of Bupleuri Radix.</p

Image3_Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method combined with UPLC-PAD fingerprint analysis based on saikosaponin for discrimination of Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origin.PNG

Background: Saikosaponins are regarded as one of the most likely antipyretic constituents of Bupleuri Radix, establishing a comprehensive method that can reflect both the proportion of all constituents and the content of each saikosaponin is critical for its quality evaluation.Methods: In this study, the combination method of quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) and fingerprint was firstly established for simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of saikosaponins in Bupleuri Radix by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).Results: The results showed that saikosaponin d was identified as the optimum IR by evaluating the fluctuations and stability of the relative calibration factors (RCFs) under four different conditions. The new QAMS method has been confirmed to accurately quantify the 7 kinds of saikosaponins by comparing the obtained results with those obtained from external standard method and successfully classify the 20 batches of Bupleuri Radix from 8 provinces of China. The experimental time of fingerprint was significantly reduced to approximate 0.5 h through UPLC-PAD method, a total of 17 common peaks were identified.Conclusion: The QAMS-fingerprint method is feasible and reliable for the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix. This method could be considered to be spread in the production enterprises of Bupleuri Radix.</p

Image1_Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method combined with UPLC-PAD fingerprint analysis based on saikosaponin for discrimination of Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origin.PNG

Background: Saikosaponins are regarded as one of the most likely antipyretic constituents of Bupleuri Radix, establishing a comprehensive method that can reflect both the proportion of all constituents and the content of each saikosaponin is critical for its quality evaluation.Methods: In this study, the combination method of quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) and fingerprint was firstly established for simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of saikosaponins in Bupleuri Radix by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).Results: The results showed that saikosaponin d was identified as the optimum IR by evaluating the fluctuations and stability of the relative calibration factors (RCFs) under four different conditions. The new QAMS method has been confirmed to accurately quantify the 7 kinds of saikosaponins by comparing the obtained results with those obtained from external standard method and successfully classify the 20 batches of Bupleuri Radix from 8 provinces of China. The experimental time of fingerprint was significantly reduced to approximate 0.5 h through UPLC-PAD method, a total of 17 common peaks were identified.Conclusion: The QAMS-fingerprint method is feasible and reliable for the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix. This method could be considered to be spread in the production enterprises of Bupleuri Radix.</p

DataSheet1_Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method combined with UPLC-PAD fingerprint analysis based on saikosaponin for discrimination of Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origin.CSV

Background: Saikosaponins are regarded as one of the most likely antipyretic constituents of Bupleuri Radix, establishing a comprehensive method that can reflect both the proportion of all constituents and the content of each saikosaponin is critical for its quality evaluation.Methods: In this study, the combination method of quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) and fingerprint was firstly established for simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of saikosaponins in Bupleuri Radix by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).Results: The results showed that saikosaponin d was identified as the optimum IR by evaluating the fluctuations and stability of the relative calibration factors (RCFs) under four different conditions. The new QAMS method has been confirmed to accurately quantify the 7 kinds of saikosaponins by comparing the obtained results with those obtained from external standard method and successfully classify the 20 batches of Bupleuri Radix from 8 provinces of China. The experimental time of fingerprint was significantly reduced to approximate 0.5 h through UPLC-PAD method, a total of 17 common peaks were identified.Conclusion: The QAMS-fingerprint method is feasible and reliable for the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix. This method could be considered to be spread in the production enterprises of Bupleuri Radix.</p

Image7_Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method combined with UPLC-PAD fingerprint analysis based on saikosaponin for discrimination of Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origin.PNG

Background: Saikosaponins are regarded as one of the most likely antipyretic constituents of Bupleuri Radix, establishing a comprehensive method that can reflect both the proportion of all constituents and the content of each saikosaponin is critical for its quality evaluation.Methods: In this study, the combination method of quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) and fingerprint was firstly established for simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of saikosaponins in Bupleuri Radix by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).Results: The results showed that saikosaponin d was identified as the optimum IR by evaluating the fluctuations and stability of the relative calibration factors (RCFs) under four different conditions. The new QAMS method has been confirmed to accurately quantify the 7 kinds of saikosaponins by comparing the obtained results with those obtained from external standard method and successfully classify the 20 batches of Bupleuri Radix from 8 provinces of China. The experimental time of fingerprint was significantly reduced to approximate 0.5 h through UPLC-PAD method, a total of 17 common peaks were identified.Conclusion: The QAMS-fingerprint method is feasible and reliable for the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix. This method could be considered to be spread in the production enterprises of Bupleuri Radix.</p

Image4_Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method combined with UPLC-PAD fingerprint analysis based on saikosaponin for discrimination of Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origin.PNG

Background: Saikosaponins are regarded as one of the most likely antipyretic constituents of Bupleuri Radix, establishing a comprehensive method that can reflect both the proportion of all constituents and the content of each saikosaponin is critical for its quality evaluation.Methods: In this study, the combination method of quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) and fingerprint was firstly established for simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of saikosaponins in Bupleuri Radix by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).Results: The results showed that saikosaponin d was identified as the optimum IR by evaluating the fluctuations and stability of the relative calibration factors (RCFs) under four different conditions. The new QAMS method has been confirmed to accurately quantify the 7 kinds of saikosaponins by comparing the obtained results with those obtained from external standard method and successfully classify the 20 batches of Bupleuri Radix from 8 provinces of China. The experimental time of fingerprint was significantly reduced to approximate 0.5 h through UPLC-PAD method, a total of 17 common peaks were identified.Conclusion: The QAMS-fingerprint method is feasible and reliable for the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix. This method could be considered to be spread in the production enterprises of Bupleuri Radix.</p

Table1_Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method combined with UPLC-PAD fingerprint analysis based on saikosaponin for discrimination of Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origin.XLSX

Background: Saikosaponins are regarded as one of the most likely antipyretic constituents of Bupleuri Radix, establishing a comprehensive method that can reflect both the proportion of all constituents and the content of each saikosaponin is critical for its quality evaluation.Methods: In this study, the combination method of quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) and fingerprint was firstly established for simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of saikosaponins in Bupleuri Radix by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).Results: The results showed that saikosaponin d was identified as the optimum IR by evaluating the fluctuations and stability of the relative calibration factors (RCFs) under four different conditions. The new QAMS method has been confirmed to accurately quantify the 7 kinds of saikosaponins by comparing the obtained results with those obtained from external standard method and successfully classify the 20 batches of Bupleuri Radix from 8 provinces of China. The experimental time of fingerprint was significantly reduced to approximate 0.5 h through UPLC-PAD method, a total of 17 common peaks were identified.Conclusion: The QAMS-fingerprint method is feasible and reliable for the quality evaluation of Bupleuri Radix. This method could be considered to be spread in the production enterprises of Bupleuri Radix.</p