29 research outputs found
Deriving a CO<sub>2</sub>‑Permselective Carbon Membrane from a Multilayered Matrix of Polyion Complexes
A multilayered
assembly consisting of polyion complexes was developed
over porous ceramic as a unique precursor for a carbon membrane (CM).
This specific layer was attained through in situ polymerization of <i>N</i>-methylpyrrole (mPy) over a prime coating layer of polyÂ(4-styrenesulfonic
acid) (PSSA) with an embedded oxidant on the ceramic surface. Extensive
ion-pair complexation between the sulfonic acid groups of PSSA and
the tertiary amine groups of the resulting polyÂ(<i>N</i>-methylpyrrole) (PmPy) sustains this assembly layer. Incorporating
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) into the PSSA is critical in
facilitating the infiltration of mPy into the PSSA layer and promoting
interfacial contact between the two polymers. Upon pyrolysis, the
precursor coating was collectively converted into a carbon composite
matrix. Such copyrolysis restrains the grain sizes of the carbonized
PmPy, thereby halting defects in the resultant carbonaceous matrix.
The gas separation performances of the CMs obtained at various graphitization
temperatures showed that the least graphitized carbon matrix exhibited
the best selectivity of CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> = 167 with a
CO<sub>2</sub> permeability of 7.19 Barrer. This specific feature
is attributed to both imine and imide pendant groups that function
as selective adsorption sites for CO<sub>2</sub> in the carbon skeleton
Trophic Magnification and Isomer Fractionation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Food Web of Taihu Lake, China
Biomagnification
of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are well
studied in marine food webs, but related information in fresh water
ecosystem and knowledge on fractionation of their isomers along the
food web are limited. The distribution, bioaccumulation, magnification,
and isomer fractionation of PFASs were investigated in a food web
of Taihu Lake, China. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorocarboxylates
(PFCAs) with longer carbon chain lengths, such as perfluorodecanoate
(PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), were predominant in organisms,
while perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA) and perfluorooctanoate (∑PFOA)
contributed more in the water phase. The consistent profile signature
of PFOA isomers in water phase with 3M electrochemical fluorination
(ECF) products suggests that ECF production of PFOA still exists in
China. Linear proportions of PFOA, PFOS and perfluorooctane sulfonamide
(PFOSA) in the biota were in the range of 91.9–100%, 78.6–95.5%,
and 72.2–95.5%, respectively, indicating preferential bioaccumulation
of linear isomers in biota. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were
estimated for PFDA (2.43), perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA) (2.68) and
PFOS (3.46) when all biota were included, suggesting that PFOS and
long-chained PFCAs are biomagnified in the fresh water food web. The
TMF of PFOS isomers descended in the order: <i>n</i>-PFOS
(3.86) > 3+5<i>m</i>-PFOS (3.35) > 4<i>m</i>-PFOS (3.32) > 1<i>m</i>-PFOS (2.92) > <i>m</i><sub>2</sub>-PFOS (2.67) > <i>iso</i>-PFOS (2.59), which
is roughly identical to their elution order on a FluoroSep-RP Octyl
column, suggesting that hydrophobicity may be an important contributor
for isomer discrimination in biota
Enhancing the Performance of Viscous Electrode-Based Flow Batteries Using Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces
Redox
flow batteries are a promising technology that can potentially
meet the large-scale grid storage needs of renewable power sources.
Today, most redox flow batteries are based on aqueous solutions with
low cell voltages and low energy densities that lead to significant
costs from hardware and balance-of-plant. Nonaqueous electrochemical
couples offer higher cell voltages and higher energy densities and
can reduce system-level costs but tend toward higher viscosities and
can exhibit non-Newtonian rheology that increases the power required
to drive flow. This work uses lubricant-impregnated surfaces (LIS)
to promote flow in electrochemical systems and outlines their design
based on interfacial thermodynamics and electrochemical stability.
We demonstrate up to 86% mechanical power savings at low flow rates
for LIS compared to conventional surfaces for a lithium polysulfide
flow electrode in a half-cell flow battery configuration. The measured
specific charge capacity of ∼800 mAh/(g·S) is a 4-fold
increase over previous work
Enhancing the Performance of Viscous Electrode-Based Flow Batteries Using Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces
Redox
flow batteries are a promising technology that can potentially
meet the large-scale grid storage needs of renewable power sources.
Today, most redox flow batteries are based on aqueous solutions with
low cell voltages and low energy densities that lead to significant
costs from hardware and balance-of-plant. Nonaqueous electrochemical
couples offer higher cell voltages and higher energy densities and
can reduce system-level costs but tend toward higher viscosities and
can exhibit non-Newtonian rheology that increases the power required
to drive flow. This work uses lubricant-impregnated surfaces (LIS)
to promote flow in electrochemical systems and outlines their design
based on interfacial thermodynamics and electrochemical stability.
We demonstrate up to 86% mechanical power savings at low flow rates
for LIS compared to conventional surfaces for a lithium polysulfide
flow electrode in a half-cell flow battery configuration. The measured
specific charge capacity of ∼800 mAh/(g·S) is a 4-fold
increase over previous work
Enhancing the Performance of Viscous Electrode-Based Flow Batteries Using Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces
Redox
flow batteries are a promising technology that can potentially
meet the large-scale grid storage needs of renewable power sources.
Today, most redox flow batteries are based on aqueous solutions with
low cell voltages and low energy densities that lead to significant
costs from hardware and balance-of-plant. Nonaqueous electrochemical
couples offer higher cell voltages and higher energy densities and
can reduce system-level costs but tend toward higher viscosities and
can exhibit non-Newtonian rheology that increases the power required
to drive flow. This work uses lubricant-impregnated surfaces (LIS)
to promote flow in electrochemical systems and outlines their design
based on interfacial thermodynamics and electrochemical stability.
We demonstrate up to 86% mechanical power savings at low flow rates
for LIS compared to conventional surfaces for a lithium polysulfide
flow electrode in a half-cell flow battery configuration. The measured
specific charge capacity of ∼800 mAh/(g·S) is a 4-fold
increase over previous work
Enhancing the Performance of Viscous Electrode-Based Flow Batteries Using Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces
Redox
flow batteries are a promising technology that can potentially
meet the large-scale grid storage needs of renewable power sources.
Today, most redox flow batteries are based on aqueous solutions with
low cell voltages and low energy densities that lead to significant
costs from hardware and balance-of-plant. Nonaqueous electrochemical
couples offer higher cell voltages and higher energy densities and
can reduce system-level costs but tend toward higher viscosities and
can exhibit non-Newtonian rheology that increases the power required
to drive flow. This work uses lubricant-impregnated surfaces (LIS)
to promote flow in electrochemical systems and outlines their design
based on interfacial thermodynamics and electrochemical stability.
We demonstrate up to 86% mechanical power savings at low flow rates
for LIS compared to conventional surfaces for a lithium polysulfide
flow electrode in a half-cell flow battery configuration. The measured
specific charge capacity of ∼800 mAh/(g·S) is a 4-fold
increase over previous work
Enhancing the Performance of Viscous Electrode-Based Flow Batteries Using Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces
Redox
flow batteries are a promising technology that can potentially
meet the large-scale grid storage needs of renewable power sources.
Today, most redox flow batteries are based on aqueous solutions with
low cell voltages and low energy densities that lead to significant
costs from hardware and balance-of-plant. Nonaqueous electrochemical
couples offer higher cell voltages and higher energy densities and
can reduce system-level costs but tend toward higher viscosities and
can exhibit non-Newtonian rheology that increases the power required
to drive flow. This work uses lubricant-impregnated surfaces (LIS)
to promote flow in electrochemical systems and outlines their design
based on interfacial thermodynamics and electrochemical stability.
We demonstrate up to 86% mechanical power savings at low flow rates
for LIS compared to conventional surfaces for a lithium polysulfide
flow electrode in a half-cell flow battery configuration. The measured
specific charge capacity of ∼800 mAh/(g·S) is a 4-fold
increase over previous work
Enhancing the Performance of Viscous Electrode-Based Flow Batteries Using Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces
Redox
flow batteries are a promising technology that can potentially
meet the large-scale grid storage needs of renewable power sources.
Today, most redox flow batteries are based on aqueous solutions with
low cell voltages and low energy densities that lead to significant
costs from hardware and balance-of-plant. Nonaqueous electrochemical
couples offer higher cell voltages and higher energy densities and
can reduce system-level costs but tend toward higher viscosities and
can exhibit non-Newtonian rheology that increases the power required
to drive flow. This work uses lubricant-impregnated surfaces (LIS)
to promote flow in electrochemical systems and outlines their design
based on interfacial thermodynamics and electrochemical stability.
We demonstrate up to 86% mechanical power savings at low flow rates
for LIS compared to conventional surfaces for a lithium polysulfide
flow electrode in a half-cell flow battery configuration. The measured
specific charge capacity of ∼800 mAh/(g·S) is a 4-fold
increase over previous work
Comparison of sugarcane stem node identification methods.
Comparison of sugarcane stem node identification methods.</p
Comparison of different one-stage detection algorithms.
Comparison of different one-stage detection algorithms.</p