Future directions in ventilator-induced lung injury associated cognitive impairment: a new sight

Mechanical ventilation is a widely used short-term life support technique, but an accompanying adverse consequence can be pulmonary damage which is called ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Mechanical ventilation can potentially affect the central nervous system and lead to long-term cognitive impairment. In recent years, many studies revealed that VILI, as a common lung injury, may be involved in the central pathogenesis of cognitive impairment by inducing hypoxia, inflammation, and changes in neural pathways. In addition, VILI has received attention in affecting the treatment of cognitive impairment and provides new insights into individualized therapy. The combination of lung protective ventilation and drug therapy can overcome the inevitable problems of poor prognosis from a new perspective. In this review, we summarized VILI and non-VILI factors as risk factors for cognitive impairment and concluded the latest mechanisms. Moreover, we retrospectively explored the role of improving VILI in cognitive impairment treatment. This work contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of VILI-induced cognitive impairment and may provide future direction for the treatment and prognosis of cognitive impairment

Strong similarities between the local electronic structure of insulating iron pnictide and lightly doped cuprate

One of the major puzzles regarding unconventional superconductivity is how some of the most interesting superconductors are related to an insulating phase that lies in close proximity. Here we report scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the local electronic structure of Cu doped NaFeAs across the superconductor to insulator transition. We find that in the highly insulating regime the electronic spectrum develops an energy gap with diminishing density of state at the Fermi level. The overall lineshape and strong spatial variations of the spectra are strikingly similar to that of lightly doped cuprates close to the parent Mott insulator. We propose that the suppression of itinerant electron state and strong impurity potential induced by Cu dopants lead to this insulating iron pnictide.Comment: 6 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Construction and comprehensive analysis of a curoptosis-related lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis and immune response in cervical cancer

Cuproptosis (copper-ion-dependent cell death) is an unprogrammed cell death, and intracellular copper accumulation, causing copper homeostasis imbalance and then leading to increased intracellular toxicity, which can affect the rate of cancer cell growth and proliferation. This study aimed to create a newly cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature that can be used to predict survival and immunotherapy in patients with cervical cancer, but also to predict prognosis in patients treated with radiotherapy and may play a role in predicting radiosensitivity. First of all, we found lncRNAs associated with cuproptosis between cervical cancer tumor tissues and normal tissues. By LASSO-Cox analysis, overlapping lncRNAs were then used to construct lncRNA signatures associated with cuproptosis, which can be used to predict the prognosis of patients, especially the prognosis of radiotherapy patients, ROC curves and PCA analysis based on cuprotosis-related lncRNA signature and clinical signatures were developed and demonstrated to have good predictive potential. In addition, differences in immune cell subset infiltration and differences in immune checkpoint expression between high-risk and low-risk score groups were analyzed, and we investigated the relationship between this signature and tumor mutation burden. In summary, we constructed a lncRNA prediction signature associated with cuproptosis. This has important clinical implications, including improving the predictive value of cervical cancer patients and providing a biomarker for cervical cancer

Particle-hole asymmetric superconducting coherence peaks in overdoped cuprates

To elucidate the superconductor to metal transition at the end of superconducting dome, the overdoped regime has stepped onto the center stage of cuprate research recently. Here, we use scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate the atomic-scale electronic structure of overdoped trilayer Bi-2223 and bilayer Bi-2212 cuprates. At low energies the spectroscopic maps are well described by dispersive quasiparticle interference patterns. However, as the bias increases to the superconducting coherence peak energy, a virtually non-dispersive pattern with sqrt(2)*sqrt(2) periodicity emerges. Remarkably, the position of the coherence peaks exhibits evident particle-hole asymmetry which also modulates with the same period. We propose that this is an extreme quasiparticle interference phenomenon, caused by pairing-breaking scattering between flat anti-nodal Bogoliubov bands, which is ultimately responsible for the superconductor to metal transition.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

Modeling of senescence-related chemoresistance in ovarian cancer using data analysis and patient-derived organoids

BackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) is a malignant tumor associated with poor prognosis owing to its susceptibility to chemoresistance. Cellular senescence, an irreversible biological state, is intricately linked to chemoresistance in cancer treatment. We developed a senescence-related gene signature for prognostic prediction and evaluated personalized treatment in patients with OC.MethodsWe acquired the clinical and RNA-seq data of OC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified a senescence-related prognostic gene set through differential and cox regression analysis in distinct chemotherapy response groups. A prognostic senescence-related signature was developed and validated by OC patient-derived-organoids (PDOs). We leveraged gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and ESTIMATE to unravel the potential functions and immune landscape of the model. Moreover, we explored the correlation between risk scores and potential chemotherapeutic agents. After confirming the congruence between organoids and tumor tissues through immunohistochemistry, we measured the IC50 of cisplatin in PDOs using the ATP activity assay, categorized by resistance and sensitivity to the drug. We also investigated the expression patterns of model genes across different groups.ResultsWe got 2740 differentially expressed genes between two chemotherapy response groups including 43 senescence-related genes. Model prognostic genes were yielded through univariate cox analysis, and multifactorial cox analysis. Our work culminated in a senescence-related prognostic model based on the expression of SGK1 and VEGFA. Simultaneously, we successfully constructed and propagated three OC PDOs for drug screening. PCR and WB from PDOs affirmed consistent expression trends as those of our model genes derived from comprehensive data analysis. Specifically, SGK1 exhibited heightened expression in cisplatin-resistant OC organoids, while VEGFA manifested elevated expression in the sensitive group (P<0.05). Intriguingly, GSEA results unveiled the enrichment of model genes in the PPAR signaling pathway, pivotal regulator in chemoresistance and tumorigenesis. This revelation prompted the identification of potential beneficial drugs for patients with a high-risk score, including gemcitabine, dabrafenib, epirubicin, oxaliplatin, olaparib, teniposide, ribociclib, topotecan, venetoclax.ConclusionThrough the formulation of a senescence-related signature comprising SGK1 and VEGFA, we established a promising tool for prognosticating chemotherapy reactions, predicting outcomes, and steering therapeutic strategies. Patients with high VEGFA and low SGK1 expression levels exhibit heightened sensitivity to chemotherapy