Exploratory Study on the Simulated Police Force Allocation of Shopping Mall Emergency Based on AnyLogic Platform

Due to the rapid development of society, public places, especially large shopping malls, are relatively frequent places for emergencies. Such emergencies not only seriously affect public security and property, but also bring great psychological pressure to citizens. Therefore, this study is of great significance for the exploration and study of public place emergencies.The research object of this study is the public shopping mall. Based on the AnyLogic simulation platform and guided by the relevant principles of social force model, this study utilize the pedestrian storehouse in the platform as the core module to build the simulation environment, and attempts to simulate the police force restraining effect on the overall event and the perpetrators after the occur of emergent incident under different police force allocations. In order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data, the research team conducted field survey to estimate the average flow of people and the general data of the security personnel in shopping malls, also estimated the rest rain and capture time after repeated experiments.The results indicate that increasing additional police force outside the shopping malls and pre-organizing reasonable patrol routes can obviously facilitate police officers to restrain perpetrators. Meanwhile, it is also clear that the AnyLogic platform can effectively simulate pedestrian movement and interaction behaviour in emergencies

Activation of PI3K/AKT and ERK MAPK signal pathways is required for the induction of lytic cycle replication of Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by herpes simplex virus type 1

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is causally linked to several acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and a subset of multicentric Castleman's disease. Regulation of viral lytic replication is critical to the initiation and progression of KS. Recently, we reported that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was an important cofactor that activated lytic cycle replication of KSHV. Here, we further investigated the possible signal pathways involved in HSV-1-induced reactivation of KSHV.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By transfecting a series of dominant negative mutants and protein expressing constructs and using pharmacologic inhibitors, we found that either Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) or JAK1/STAT6 signaling failed to regulate HSV-1-induced KSHV replication. However, HSV-1 infection of BCBL-1 cells activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB, also called AKT) pathway and inactivated phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). PTEN/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway was found to be involved in HSV-1-induced KSHV reactivation. Additionally, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway also partially contributed to HSV-1-induced KSHV replication.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>HSV-1 infection stimulated PI3K/AKT and ERK MAPK signaling pathways that in turn contributed to KSHV reactivation, which provided further insights into the molecular mechanism controlling KSHV lytic replication, particularly in the context of HSV-1 and KSHV co-infection.</p

Effidit: Your AI Writing Assistant

In this technical report, we introduce Effidit (Efficient and Intelligent Editing), a digital writing assistant that facilitates users to write higher-quality text more efficiently by using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Previous writing assistants typically provide the function of error checking (to detect and correct spelling and grammatical errors) and limited text-rewriting functionality. With the emergence of large-scale neural language models, some systems support automatically completing a sentence or a paragraph. In Effidit, we significantly expand the capacities of a writing assistant by providing functions in five categories: text completion, error checking, text polishing, keywords to sentences (K2S), and cloud input methods (cloud IME). In the text completion category, Effidit supports generation-based sentence completion, retrieval-based sentence completion, and phrase completion. In contrast, many other writing assistants so far only provide one or two of the three functions. For text polishing, we have three functions: (context-aware) phrase polishing, sentence paraphrasing, and sentence expansion, whereas many other writing assistants often support one or two functions in this category. The main contents of this report include major modules of Effidit, methods for implementing these modules, and evaluation results of some key methods.Comment: Technical report for Effidit. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2202.0641

Molecular Signatures of Tumour and Its Microenvironment for Precise Quantitative Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An International Multi-Cohort Diagnostic Validation Study

Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: www.mdpi.com/xxx/s1, Table ST1 – qMIDSV2 Gene panel primer sequences; Figure S1 – qMIDSV1 vs qMIDSV2 384-well assay format and protocols; Figure S2. Individual target gene expression pattern in 1761 samples; Figure S3. Various statistical methods used for gene selection analysis on 1761 clinical samples; Figure S4. Diagnostic performance comparison between qMIDSV2 vs qMIDSV2* (with 4 less effective genes removed from the panel of 14 target genes of qMIDSV2); Figure S5. Effect of removing individual genes from the 14-target gene panel qMIDSV2 (qV2) on diagnostic test performance based on the UK patient cohort data

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Triggers Reactivation of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus from Latency and Collaborates with HIV-1 Tat

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection was necessary but not sufficient for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) development without other cofactors. Previously, we identified that both human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) Tat and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) were important cofactors reactivating KSHV from latency. Here, we further investigated the potential of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) to influence KSHV replication and examined the role of Tat in this procedure. We demonstrated that HSV-2 was a potentially important factor in the pathogenesis of KS, as determined by production of lytic phase mRNA transcripts, viral proteins and infectious viral particles in BCBL-1 cells. These results were further confirmed by an RNA interference experiment using small interfering RNA targeting KSHV Rta and a luciferase reporter assay testing Rta promoter-driven luciferase activity. Mechanistic studies showed that HSV-2 infection activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway enhanced HSV-2-mediated KSHV activation, whereas activation of NF-κB pathway suppressed KSHV replication in HSV-2-infected BCBL-1 cells. Additionally, ectopic expression of Tat enhanced HSV-2-induced KSHV replication. These novel findings suggest a role of HSV-2 in the pathogenesis of KS and provide the first laboratory evidence that Tat may participate HSV-2-mediated KSHV activation, implying the complicated pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related KS (AIDS-KS) patients

Multiscale Feature Model for Terrain Data Based on Adaptive Spatial Neighborhood

Multiresolution hierarchy based on features (FMRH) has been applied in the field of terrain modeling and obtained significant results in real engineering. However, it is difficult to schedule multiresolution data in FMRH from external memory. This paper proposed new multiscale feature model and related strategies to cluster spatial data blocks and solve the scheduling problems of FMRH using spatial neighborhood. In the model, the nodes with similar error in the different layers should be in one cluster. On this basis, a space index algorithm for each cluster guided by Hilbert curve is proposed. It ensures that multi-resolution terrain data can be loaded without traversing the whole FMRH; therefore, the efficiency of data scheduling is improved. Moreover, a spatial closeness theorem of cluster is put forward and is also proved. It guarantees that the union of data blocks composites a whole terrain without any data loss. Finally, experiments have been carried out on many different large scale data sets, and the results demonstrate that the schedule time is shortened and the efficiency of I/O operation is apparently improved, which is important in real engineering

A Method of Grasping Detection for Kiwifruit Harvesting Robot Based on Deep Learning

Kiwifruit harvesting with robotics can be troublesome due to the clustering feature. The gripper of the end effector will easily cause unstable fruit grasping, or the bending and separation action will interfere with the neighboring fruit because of an inappropriate grasping angle, which will further affect the success rate. Therefore, predicting the correct grasping angle for each fruit can guide the gripper to safely approach, grasp, bend and separate the fruit. To improve the grasping rate and harvesting success rate, this study proposed a grasping detection method for a kiwifruit harvesting robot based on the GG-CNN2. Based on the vertical downward growth characteristics of kiwifruit, the grasping configuration of the manipulator was defined. The clustered kiwifruit was mainly divided into single fruit, linear cluster, and other cluster, and the grasping dataset included depth images, color images, and grasping labels. The GG-CNN2 was improved based on focal loss to prevent the algorithm from generating the optimal grasping configuration in the background or at the edge of the fruit. The performance test of the grasping detection network and the verification test of robotic picking were carried out in orchards. The results showed that the number of parameters of GG-CNN2 was 66.7 k, the average image calculation speed was 58 ms, and the average grasping detection accuracy was 76.0%, which ensures the grasping detection can run in real time. The verification test results indicated that the manipulator combined with the position information provided by the target detection network YOLO v4 and the grasping angle provided by the grasping detection network GG-CNN2 could achieve a harvesting success rate of 88.7% and a fruit drop rate of 4.8%; the average picking time was 6.5 s. Compared with the method in which the target detection network only provides fruit position information, this method presented the advantages of harvesting rate and fruit drop rate when harvesting linear clusters, especially other cluster, and the picking time was slightly increased. Therefore, the grasping detection method proposed in this study is suitable for near-neighbor multi-kiwifruit picking, and it can improve the success rate of robotic harvesting

Cellular microRNAs 498 and 320d regulate herpes simplex virus 1 induction of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic replication by targeting RTA.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection was necessary but not sufficient for KS development without other cofactors. We have previously reported that herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 was an important cofactor that reactivated KSHV from latency by inducing the expression of KSHV replication and transcription activator (RTA), the lytic switch protein. Here, we further investigated the possible cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in regulation of RTA during HSV-1-induced KSHV replication. The differential profiles of miRNAs expression between Mock- and HSV-1-infected body cavity-based lymphoma (BCBL-1) cells were identified by miRNA microarray analysis. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analyses showed that two of the HSV-1-downregulated cellular miRNAs, miR-498 and miR-320d, directly targeted the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of KSHV RTA. As a result, overexpression of these two miRNAs significantly inhibited HSV-1-induced KSHV replication, whereas repression of these miRNAs with specific suppressors enhanced HSV-1-mediated KSHV replication. In addition, miR-498 or miR-320d alone, without HSV-1 infection, regulated KSHV replication in BCBL-1 cells. Finally, bioinformatics Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that targets of HSV-1-regulated miRNAs were enriched for proteins, whose roles were involved in protein binding, enzyme activity, biological regulation, and several potential signaling pathways including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were likely to participate in HSV-1-induced KSHV replication. Collectively, these novel findings demonstrated that host-encoded miR-498 and miR-320d regulated HSV-1 induction of KSHV lytic replication by targeting RTA, which provided further insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling KSHV lytic replication

Interferon-gamma release assay performance of pleural fluid and peripheral blood in pleural tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis (TB) remains to be difficult. Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is a promising method for diagnosing TB in low TB burden countries. The release of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by T lymphocytes increases at a localized site of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen. This study aimed to examine the clinical accuracy of T-SPOT.TB on pleural fluid and peripheral blood for the diagnosis of pleural TB in high TB burden country. METHODS: 168 subjects with pleural effusion were enrolled prospectively and examined with T-SPOT.TB on pleural fluid and peripheral blood samples simultaneously. RESULTS: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and cut-off value of pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB was established according to spot forming cells (SFC) between culture/biopsy-confirmed pleural TB group and no pleural TB group. The sensitivity of pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB and peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB was similar (96.3% and 92.7%, respectively) (P= 0.691). In contrast, the specificity of pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB (94.5%) was significantly higher than that of peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB (76.1%) (P=0.002). 2% (2/98) of pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB results were indeterminate. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic accuracy of peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB is low in high TB burden countries due to latent tuberculosis infection. Pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB is a relatively useful and supplementary test to explore pleural TB in high TB burden countries, but its diagnostic accuracy needs to be validated in further large scale research

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 8‑(<i>o</i>‑Tolyl)quinazoline Derivatives as Small-Molecule PD-1/PD-L1 Antagonists

Small-molecule inhibitors targeting programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interactions can compensate for the shortcomings of antibody-based inhibitors and have attracted considerable attention, some of which have already entered clinical trials. Herein, based on our previous study on small-molecule PD-L1 inhibitors, we reported a series of 8-(o-tolyl)quinazoline derivatives by the skeleton merging strategy. Homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay against PD-1/PD-L1 interaction identified compound A5, which showed the most potent inhibition with an IC50 value of 23.78 nM. Meanwhile, based on the results of HTRF assay, the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of the tail were focused on. Cell-based PD-1/PD-L1 blockade assay further revealed that A5 significantly blocked the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction at 1.1 μM in the co-culture system of Jurkat-NFAT-PD-1 cells and Hep3B-OS8-hPD-L1 cells with no significant cytotoxicity on Jurkat cells. Moreover, the proposed binding mode of A5 was investigated by a docking analysis. These results indicate that compound A5 is a promising lead compound that deserves further investigation