Generating and stabilizing the GHZ state in circuit QED: Joint measurement, Zeno effect and feedback

In solid-state circuit QED system, we extend the previous study of generating and stabilizing two-qubit Bell state [Phys. Rev. A 82, 032335 (2010)], to three-qubit GHZ state. In dispersive regime, we employ the homodyne joint readout for multiple qubits to infer the state for further processing, and in particular use it to stabilize the state directly by means of an alternate-flip-interrupted Zeno (AFIZ) scheme. Moreover, the state-of-the-art feedback action based on the filtered current enables not only a deterministic generation of the pre-GHZ state in the initial stage, but also a fast recovery from the environment-caused degradation in the later stabilization process. We show that the proposed scheme can maintain the state with high fidelity if the efficient quantum measurement and rapid single-qubit rotations are available.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Xenotime-type high-entropy (Dy1/7Ho1/7Er1/7Tm1/7Yb1/7Lu1/7Y1/7)PO4: A promising thermal/environmental barrier coating material for SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites

Rare-earth phosphates (REPO4) are regarded as one of the promising thermal/environmental barrier coating (T/EBC) materials for SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites (SiC-CMCs) owing to their excellent resistance to water vapor and CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (CMAS). Nevertheless, a relatively high thermal conductivity (κ) of the REPO4 becomes the bottleneck for their practical applications. In this work, novel xenotime-type high-entropy (Dy1/7Ho1/7Er1/7Tm1/7Yb1/7Lu1/7Y1/7)PO4 (HE (7RE1/7)PO4) has been designed and synthesized for the first time to solve this issue. HE (7RE1/7)PO4 with a homogeneous rare-earth element distribution exhibits high thermal stability up to 1750 ℃ and good chemical compatibility with SiO2 up to 1400 ℃. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of HE (7RE1/7)PO4 (5.96×10−6 ℃−1 from room temperature (RT) to 900 ℃) is close to that of the SiC-CMCs. What is more, the thermal conductivities of HE (7RE1/7)PO4 (from 4.38 W·m−1·K−1 at 100 ℃ to 2.25 W·m−1·K−1 at 1300 ℃) are significantly decreased compared to those of single-component REPO4 with the minimum value ranging from 9.90 to 4.76 W·m−1·K−1. These results suggest that HE (7RE1/7)PO4 has the potential to be applied as the T/EBC materials for the SiC-CMCs in the future

Feeling Happy and Sad at the Same Time? Subcultural Differences in Experiencing Mixed Emotions between Han Chinese and Mongolian Chinese

In some occasions, people experience pleasant and unpleasant emotions at the same time in a single emotional event. Previous cross-cultural studies indicated that such mixed emotions are more prevalent in China and highly related to the attitudes toward happiness and individual’s affective motivation. However, as a multi-ethnic country, not much is known about the subcultural differences in mixed emotions in China. Thus, we examined the role that implicit attitudes toward happiness and affective motivation may play in regard of the subcultural differences in mixed emotions between Han (N = 61) and Mongolian Chinese (N = 46). Results indicated that, compared with Mongolian Chinese, Han Chinese had a stronger association between implicit contra-hedonic attitudes toward happiness and mixed emotions in a pleasant emotional event. Also, Han Chinese who reported contra-hedonic motivation in a pleasant emotional event had higher level of mixed emotions than who had hedonic motivation. No significant difference was found in the mixed emotions between Mongolian Chinese who had contra-hedonic and hedonic motivation. These results suggested that the psychological mechanisms underlying the differences in mixed emotions require a comprehensive understanding not only in cross-cultural context but also from subcultural perspective

Anemia-Associated Platelets and Plasma Prothrombin Time Increase in Patients with Adenomyosis

Patients with adenomyosis are hypercoagulable and often accompanied by anemia, but the specific changes in anemia-related coagulation parameters are still unclear. This study investigated the changes in and influencing factors of coagulation parameters related to anemia in patients with adenomyosis (AM). The coagulation parameters, including platelet count (PC), plasma prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FB), and hemoglobin (Hb), were measured in patients with adenomyosis (229 cases in AM group), uterine leiomyoma (265 cases in LM group), and undergoing tubal anastomosis (142 cases in the control group). The age of the control group was younger than that of the AM group and the LM group. Compared with the AM and LM groups, the uterus size of the control group was smaller; the AM group was larger than the LM group. The Hb concentration of the AM group was lower than that of the LM and control groups. Compared with the LM and control groups, PC increased and TT shortened in the AM group. APTT in the AM group was shorter than in the control group, and PT was longer than in the LM group. After adjustment using multiple logistic regression analysis, adenomyosis was correlated with Hb concentration (or = 0.971, 95% CI 0.954–0.988, p < 0.001), PC (or = 1.006, 95% CI 1.002–1.011, p = 0.004), PT (or = 3.878, 95% CI 2.347–6.409, p < 0.001), age (or = 1.062, 95% CI 1.013–1.114, p = 0.013), and uterine size (or = 1.103, 95% CI 1.011–1.203, p = 0.028). Correlation analysis showed that PC (r = −0.309) and PT (r = −0.252) were negatively correlated with anemia. The increase in Hb-related PC and PT in patients with adenomyosis indicates that the timely and early detection of coagulation parameters is needed for patients with severe anemia, older age, and larger uterine volume

P2X3 receptor involvement in endometriosis pain via ERK signaling pathway.

The purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 3 (P2X3) is crucially involved in peripheral nociceptive processes of somatic and visceral pain. Endometriosis pain is considered as a kind of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. However, whether P2X3 is involved in endometriosis pain has not been reported up to date. Here, we aimed to determine whether P2X3 expression in endometriotic lesions is involved in endometriosis pain, which is regulated by inflammatory mediators through extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signalling pathway. We found that P2X3 expressions in endometriosis endometrium and endometriotic lesions were both significantly higher as compared with control endometrium (P<0.05), and both positively correlated with pain (P<0.05). The expression levels of phosphorylated -ERK (p-ERK), phosphorylated-cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB), and P2X3 in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) were all significantly increased in comparison to the initial levels after treated with interleukin (IL)-1β (P<0.05) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (P<0.05), respectively, and did not increase after the ESCs were pre-treated with ERK1/2 inhibitor. Additionally, P2X3 and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) were co-expressed in endometriotic lesions. These obtained results suggest that P2X3 might be involved in endometriosis pain signal transduction via ERK signal pathway

Scaling Up Stomatal Conductance from Leaf to Canopy Using a Dual-Leaf Model for Estimating Crop Evapotranspiration

<div><p>The dual-source Shuttleworth-Wallace model has been widely used to estimate and partition crop evapotranspiration (<i>λET</i>). Canopy stomatal conductance (<i>G_sc</i>), an essential parameter of the model, is often calculated by scaling up leaf stomatal conductance, considering the canopy as one single leaf in a so-called “big-leaf” model. However, <i>G_sc</i> can be overestimated or underestimated depending on leaf area index level in the big-leaf model, due to a non-linear stomatal response to light. A dual-leaf model, scaling up <i>G_sc</i> from leaf to canopy, was developed in this study. The non-linear stomata-light relationship was incorporated by dividing the canopy into sunlit and shaded fractions and calculating each fraction separately according to absorbed irradiances. The model includes: (1) the absorbed irradiance, determined by separately integrating the sunlit and shaded leaves with consideration of both beam and diffuse radiation; (2) leaf area for the sunlit and shaded fractions; and (3) a leaf conductance model that accounts for the response of stomata to PAR, vapor pressure deficit and available soil water. In contrast to the significant errors of <i>G_sc</i> in the big-leaf model, the predicted <i>G_sc</i> using the dual-leaf model had a high degree of data-model agreement; the slope of the linear regression between daytime predictions and measurements was 1.01 (R² = 0.98), with RMSE of 0.6120 mm s⁻¹ for four clear-sky days in different growth stages. The estimates of half-hourly <i>λET</i> using the dual-source dual-leaf model (DSDL) agreed well with measurements and the error was within 5% during two growing seasons of maize with differing hydrometeorological and management strategies. Moreover, the estimates of soil evaporation using the DSDL model closely matched actual measurements. Our results indicate that the DSDL model can produce more accurate estimation of <i>G_sc</i> and <i>λET</i>, compared to the big-leaf model, and thus is an effective alternative approach for estimating and partitioning <i>λET</i>.</p></div

Diurnal variations of half-hourly canopy stomatal conductance (<i>G_sc</i>) calculated by the big-leaf (<i>G_sc1</i>) and dual-leaf models (<i>G_sc2</i>), and measured <i>G_sc</i> (<i>G_scm</i>) inverted by the S-W model, respectively for four typical clear-sky days in different growth stages of maize in 2009.

<p>Leaf area index (<i>LAI</i>) was 0.16, 2.62, 5.38 and 2.99, on (a) May 22, (b) June 23, (c) July 27, and (d) September 17, respectively.</p

Relationship between canopy stomatal conductance (<i>G_sc</i>) estimated by the big-leaf (<i>G_sc1</i>) and dual-leaf models (<i>G_sc2</i>), and measured <i>G_sc</i> (<i>G_scm</i>) inverted by the S-W model, respectively for four typical clear-sky days in different growth stages of maize in 2009.

<p>Relationship between canopy stomatal conductance (<i>G_sc</i>) estimated by the big-leaf (<i>G_sc1</i>) and dual-leaf models (<i>G_sc2</i>), and measured <i>G_sc</i> (<i>G_scm</i>) inverted by the S-W model, respectively for four typical clear-sky days in different growth stages of maize in 2009.</p

Diurnal variations of half-hourly crop evapotranspiration (<i>λET</i>) calculated by the dual-source with the big-leaf (<i>λET₁</i>) and dual-leaf models (<i>λET₂</i>), and measured <i>λET</i> (<i>λET_m</i>), respectively for four typical clear-sky days in different growth stages of maize in 2009.

<p>Leaf area index (<i>LAI</i>) was 0.16, 2.62, 5.38 and 2.99, on (a) May 22, (b) June 23, (c) July 27, and (d) September 17, respectively.</p

Variation in the sunlit and shaded leaf area indices (<i>LAI_sl</i> and <i>LAI_sh</i>) versus different <i>LAI</i>.

<p>The ratios of <i>LAI_sl</i> and <i>LAI_sh</i> to <i>LAI</i> (<i>Λ_sl</i> and <i>Λ_sh</i>) are also shown.</p