Results from a Bayesian genetic clustering analysis of the <i>Hypogymnia hypotrypa</i> group.

<p>Individual population assignments were inferred using a STRUCTURE analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms from multi-locus sequence data from specimens identified as <i>H</i>. <i>flavida</i> and <i>H</i>. <i>hypotrypa</i> under a model assuming two genetic groups. The horizontal axis gives specimen numbers. The vertical axis represents the inferred proportion of each individual’s genome assigned to a genetic cluster, with assignment probability into the two different genetic clusters depicted with distinct colors–'cluster 1' shown in yellow and 'cluster 2' in blue. Specimens within each taxon are clustered by geographic region (SAA = Shaanxi; YN = Yunnan; XZG = Tibet; SC = Sichuan; TWN = Taiwan; JP = Japan; and RU = Russia). Population assignments for each specimen are reported in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163664#pone.0163664.s008" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>.</p

The primers used in the study.

<p>The primers used in the study.</p

Cartoon topology of ML phylogenetic tree based on three loci.

<p>The numbers in each node represents bootstrap support and posterior probability values based on Bayesian analysis, and the numbers lower than 50 (BS) and 0.5 (PP) were not shown. The number of each sample (i.e. No.) is listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163664#pone.0163664.s008" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>, while the number in the bracket indicates that the amount of samples corresponding to the same species in the same sub-branch. Three colors are included in the branches (blue = <i>H</i>. <i>hypotrypa</i>, yellow = <i>H</i>. <i>flavida</i>, orange = both <i>H</i>. <i>hypotrypa</i> and <i>H</i>. <i>flavida</i>). The branches of other species of <i>Hypogymnia</i> and outgroup are shown in gray color. Right table indicates the collection locality information and main morphological characters delimiting <i>H</i>. <i>hypotrypa</i> and <i>H</i>. <i>flavida</i>. Red = Shaanxi Province of China (CH-Sx), green = Yunnan Province of China (CH-Yn), purple-red = Sichuan Province of China (CH-Sc), brown = Tibet of China (CH-Ti), pink = Taiwan of China (CH-Tw), pale blue = Japan (JA), purple = Russia (RU). Soredia is indicated by ◇ (◇ = absence, ◆ = presence, half filled ◇ = absence sometimes), lobes by ■ (■ = wide, half filled □ = both wide and fingerlike), and apothecia by ○ (○ = absence, ● = presence, half filled ○ = absence sometimes). ☆, shows all the samples in the sub-branch distribute at the high altitude (more than 2000 meters high); hexagon, part at the middle altitude (about 500 m); oval, part at low altitude (about 50 m).</p

Marginal likelihood and Bayes factor values for alternative species delimitation scenarios.

<p>Marginal likelihood and Bayes factor values for alternative species delimitation scenarios.</p

The geographic distribution of examined specimens of the two examined <i>Hypogymnia</i> species.

<p>A. <i>Hypogymnia flavida</i>; B. <i>Hypogymnia hypotrypa</i>. Basemap source: U.S. National Park Service (NPS) Natural Earth physical map at 1.24 km per pixel.</p

New 1, 2-naphthoquinone-derived pigments from the mycobiont of lichen <i>Trypethelium eluteriae</i> Sprengel

<p>A new yellow pigment trypethelonamide A (<b>1</b>), and a new dark violet-red pigment 5′-hydroxytrypethelone (<b>2</b>), as well as three known dark violet-red pigments (+)-8-hydroxy-7-methoxytrypethelone (<b>3</b>), (+)-trypethelone (<b>4</b>) and (-)-trypethelone (<b>5</b>) were isolated from the cultured lichenized fungus <i>Trypethelium eluteriae</i>. The structures of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were determined to be 1, 2-naphthoquinone derivatives by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were assigned by quantum electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. All isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicities against A549, HepG2 and RKO cell lines, and antioxidant effects on DPPH. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>5</b> showed moderate and weak cytotoxicities against RKO cell line with IC₅₀ from 22.6 to 113.5 <i>μ</i>M.</p

KANDI WILEY, Soprano SENIOR RECITAL Tuesday, September 21, 1993 8:00 p.m. Lillian H. Duncan Recital Hall

No sound recording is available for this performance

Phylogenetic relationships of <i>Lepra</i> and allied genera.

<p>This is a RAxML tree based on a concatenated 6-locus data matrix. The numbers above each node represent bootstrap support and posterior probability values, respectively, only values higher than 50% shown. Strongly supported nodes in bold. Scale = 0.03 substitution per site.</p

Morphology of the new species <i>Lepra austropacifica</i>, habit of the holotype.

<p>Scale = 1mm.</p