Improved Absorber Phase Stability, Performance, and Lifetime in Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells with Alkyltrimethoxysilane Strain-Release Layers at the Perovskite/TiO₂ Interface

All-inorganic β-CsPbI3 has superior chemical and thermal stability compared to its hybrid counterparts, but the stability of state-of-the-art β-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under normal operating conditions (i.e., under illumination in an inert atmosphere) remains inferior to their hybrid counterparts. Here, we found that the lattice distortion in CsPbI3 near the perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) interface can induce polymorphic transformation in encapsulated CsPbI3 films aged under illumination. To suppress this lattice distortion, we introduced alkyltrimethoxysilane strain-release layers (SRLs) at the perovskite/ETL interface. We found the SRL with the longest alkyl chain is the most effective at reducing interfacial lattice distortion, leading to enhanced charge transfer at the perovskite/ETL interface and improved phase/device stability. Its incorporation in β-CsPbI3 solar cells resulted in a power-conversion efficiency of 20.1% and an operational lifetime with an extrapolated T80 of >3000 h for encapsulated devices tested under continuous illumination under maximum power point tracking conditions

Superatomic Two-Dimensional Semiconductor

Structural complexity is of fundamental interest in materials science because it often results in unique physical properties and functions. Founded on this idea, the field of solid state chemistry has a long history and continues to be highly active, with new compounds discovered daily. By contrast, the area of two-dimensional (2D) materials is young, but its expansion, although rapid, is limited by a severe lack of structural diversity and complexity. Here, we report a novel 2D semiconductor with a hierarchical structure composed of covalently linked Re₆Se₈ clusters. The material, a 2D structural analogue of the Chevrel phase, is prepared via mechanical exfoliation of the van der Waals solid Re₆Se₈Cl₂. Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, photoluminescence and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations, we determine the electronic bandgap (1.58 eV), optical bandgap (indirect, 1.48 eV), and exciton binding energy (100 meV) of the material. The latter is consistent with the partially 2D nature of the exciton. Re₆Se₈Cl₂ is the first member of a new family of 2D semiconductors whose structure is built from superatomic building blocks instead of simply atoms; such structures will expand the conceptual design space for 2D materials research