Daily natural gas load prediction method based on APSO optimization and Attention-BiLSTM

As the economy continues to develop and technology advances, there is an increasing societal need for an environmentally friendly ecosystem. Consequently, natural gas, known for its minimal greenhouse gas emissions, has been widely adopted as a clean energy alternative. The accurate prediction of short-term natural gas demand poses a significant challenge within this context, as precise forecasts have important implications for gas dispatch and pipeline safety. The incorporation of intelligent algorithms into prediction methodologies has resulted in notable progress in recent times. Nevertheless, certain limitations persist. However, there exist certain limitations, including the tendency to easily fall into local optimization and inadequate search capability. To address the challenge of accurately predicting daily natural gas loads, we propose a novel methodology that integrates the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm, attention mechanism, and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural networks. The initial step involves utilizing the BiLSTM network to conduct bidirectional data learning. Following this, the attention mechanism is employed to calculate the weights of the hidden layer in the BiLSTM, with a specific focus on weight distribution. Lastly, the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to comprehensively optimize and design the network structure, initial learning rate, and learning rounds of the BiLSTM network model, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the model. The findings revealed that the combined model achieved a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.90% and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99. These results surpassed those of the other comparative models, demonstrating superior prediction accuracy, as well as exhibiting favorable generalization and prediction stability

Multispecies Adulteration Detection of Camellia Oil by Chemical Markers

Adulteration of edible oils has attracted attention from more researchers and consumers in recent years. Complex multispecies adulteration is a commonly used strategy to mask the traditional adulteration detection methods. Most of the researchers were only concerned about single targeted adulterants, however, it was difficult to identify complex multispecies adulteration or untargeted adulterants. To detect adulteration of edible oil, identification of characteristic markers of adulterants was proposed to be an effective method, which could provide a solution for multispecies adulteration detection. In this study, a simple method of multispecies adulteration detection for camellia oil (adulterated with soybean oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil) was developed by quantifying chemical markers including four isoflavones, trans-resveratrol and sinapic acid, which used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with solid phase extraction (SPE). In commercial camellia oil, only two of them were detected of daidzin with the average content of 0.06 ng/g while other markers were absent. The developed method was highly sensitive as the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.02 ng/mL to 0.16 ng/mL and the mean recoveries ranged from 79.7% to 113.5%, indicating that this method was reliable to detect potential characteristic markers in edible oils. Six target compounds for pure camellia oils, soybean oils, peanut oils and rapeseed oils had been analyzed to get the results. The validation results indicated that this simple and rapid method was successfully employed to determine multispecies adulteration of camellia oil adulterated with soybean, peanut and rapeseed oils

Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Alleviates Cerebral Inflammation and Neural Damage in Hemorrhagic Stroke

Background: Little is known about the effects of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) treatment on acute cerebral inflammation and injuries after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), though they have shown promising therapeutic potentials in ischemic stoke. Methods: An ICH model was established by stereotactic injection of collagenase VII into the left striatum of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Six hours later, ICH rats were randomly divided into two groups and received intracerebrally 10 μl of PBS with or without 1×106 of iPSCs. Subsequently, neural function of all ICH rats was assessed at days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 42 after ICH. Inflammatory cells, cytokines and neural apoptosis in the rats’ perihematomal regions, and brain water content were determined on day 2 or 3 post ICH. iPSC differentiation was determined on day 28 post ICH. Nissl+ cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ cells in the perihematoma and the survival rates of rats in two groups were determined on post-ICH day 42. Results: Compared with control animals, iPSCs treatment not only improved neurological function and survival rate, but also resulted in fewer intracephalic infiltrations of neutrophils and microglia, along with decreased interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and increased IL-10 in the perihematomal tissues of ICH rats. Furthermore, brain oedema formation, apoptosis, injured neurons and glial scar formation were decreased in iPSCs-transplanted rats. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that iPSCs transplantation attenuate cerebral inflammatory reactions and neural injuries after ICH, and suggests that multiple mechanisms including inflammation modulation, neuroprotection and functional recovery might be involved simultaneously in the therapeutic benefit of iPSC treatment against hemorrhagic stroke

Reduction of damaged neurons and glial scar in the perihematomal areas.

<p>(A) Representative Nissl staining for each group (Sham; PBS; PBS+iPSCs) at day 42 post ICH. (B) Histograms show changes in percentages of Nissl^<b>+</b> cells at day 42 post ICH. Data are mean values with SEM. There was less damage to Nissl bodies and nucleus within neural cells in the iPSC group compared with that in the PBS group, while it has hardly any damage to Nissl bodies and nucleus in Sham group (A and B; n = 6/group; &&<i>P</i><0.01 compared with Sham group; &<i>P</i><0.05 compared with Sham group; **<i>P</i><0.01 compared with PBS group. The # signs indicate hematomal areas. Bar=20 μm). (C) Representative immunostaining for GFAP^<b>+</b> cells of one representative rat of 3 groups (Sham; PBS; PBS+iPSCs) at day 42 post ICH. (D) Histograms show changes in the thickness of glial scar through measuring GFAP^<b>+</b> cells at day 42 post ICH. Shown are the mean values with SEM. The thickness of glial scar in iPSC group is less than that of PBS group (C and D; n = 6/group; **<i>P</i><0.01 compared with PBS group. The # signs indicate hematomal areas. Bar=50 μm).</p

Reduction of cerebral inflammatory cells in iPSC-grafted rats.

<p>(A) Representative image of the collagenase-induced hemorrhagic lesion (left). HE staining showed that infiltration of inflammatory cells in the perihematoma areas (middle and right; The # sign indicates hematomal area). (B) The counts of MPO^<b>+</b> and CD11b^<b>+</b> inflammatory cells at day 3 post ICH. Immunostaining shows representative images of MPO^<b>+</b> cells (top panel) and CD11b^<b>+</b> cells (bottom panel) (Sham; PBS; PBS+iPSCs). Histograms on the right show changes in the counts of MPO^<b>+</b> and CD11b^<b>+</b> cells at day 3 post ICH. Counts of MPO^<b>+</b> and CD11b^<b>+</b> inflammatory cells in perihematoma areas were significantly decreased in iPSCs group compared to the PBS group, while there were no MPO^<b>+</b> inflammatory cell and very few CD11b^<b>+</b> inflammatory cells in Sham group. Data are mean values with SEM. MPO^<b>+</b> cells, **<i>P</i><0.01 for differences between PBS and PBS+iPSCs groups at day 3 post ICH. CD11b^<b>+</b> cells, &&<i>P</i><0.01 or &<i>P</i><0.05 for differences between Sham and PBS groups or PBS+iPSCs groups; **<i>P</i><0.01 for differences between PBS and PBS+iPSCs groups at day 3 post ICH (n = 6/group; The # signs indicate hematomal areas).</p

Transplanted iPSCs differentiate into GFAP⁺ neural cells in the perihematomal regions and enhance the functional recovery of ICH rats.

<p>(A) Passaged iPSCs displayed typical colonies (left) and positive AP (right; bar=200 μm). (B) Immunofluorescence for GFAP showed the CM-Dil labeled iPSCs within the perihematomal regions differentiated into neural cells at day 28 post ICH. The # sign indicates hematoma areas. Bar=20 μm. (C) Changes in scores of MLPT in rats of 3 groups (Sham; PBS; PBS+iPSCs) over time after treatment. Shown are the mean values with SEM from 8 rats for each group. *<i>P</i><0.05 for differences between PBS and PBS+iPSCs groups at days 14 to 42 post ICH.</p

Reduction of cerebral apoptosis of neural cells in iPSC-grafted rats.

<p>(A) Representative staining for activated caspase-3^<b>+</b>NeuN^<b>+</b> cells show changes in apoptosis of neural cells (Sham; PBS; PBS+iPSCs). Bar=50 μm (B) Histograms show changes in the counts of caspase-3^<b>+</b>NeuN^<b>+</b> cells at day 3 post ICH. Data are mean values with SEM. The counts of the caspase-3^<b>+</b>NeuN^<b>+</b> cells around the hematoma in iPSCs group were lower than that in PBS group (n = 6/group; &&<i>P</i><0.01 respectively, compared with Sham group; **<i>P</i><0.01 compared with PBS group).</p

Changes of cerebral cytokines and encephaledema in iPSC-grafted rats.

<p>(A left) Relative mRNA levels of IL-1β IL-6 and TNF-α at day 2 post ICH in the perihematoma were decreased in iPSCs group compared with PBS group (n = 6/group; **<i>P</i><0.01 compared with PBS group), but IL-10 increased (n = 6/group; *<i>P</i><0.05 compared with PBS group). Data are mean values with SEM. (A right) Protein levels measured by ELISA of IL-1β IL-6 and TNF-α at day 2 post ICH in the perihematoma were also decreased in iPSCs group compared with PBS group (n = 6/group; iPSCs group <i>versus</i> PBS group: IL-1β and IL-6, **<i>P</i><0.01 respectively, TNF-α, *<i>P</i><0.05), but IL-10 increased (n = 6/group; **<i>P</i><0.01 compared with PBS group). Data are mean values with SEM. (B) Brain water content in the hemorrhagic hemisphere of rats in iPSCs group was significantly lower than PBS group (n = 6/group; *<i>P</i><0.05 compared with PBS group), while the non-hemorrhagic hemisphere didn’t show any difference between two groups (<i>P</i> = 0.11 compared with PBS group). Data are mean values with SEM.</p

The characteristics of all rats in each group.

<p>The characteristics of all rats in each group.</p