11 research outputs found
Associations of serum 25(OH)D levels with blood pressure in participants without antihypertensive treatment.
<p>Model 1: crude model. Model 2: model 1 adjusted for age and sex (in all participants).</p><p>Model 3: model 2 further adjusted for body mass index, current alcohol intake (yes/no), current smoking (yes/no), glomerular filtration rate and family history of hypertension. RC: regression coefficient; SE: standard error; BP: blood pressure.</p
Associations (ORs with 95%CI) of serum 25(OH)D and natural log of PTH levels with the risk of hypertension in participants without antihypertensive treatment.
<p>Model 1: crude model. Model 2: model 1 adjusted for age and sex (in all participants).</p><p>Model 3: model 2 further adjusted for body mass index, current alcohol intake (yes/no), current smoking (yes/no), glomerular filtration rate and family history of hypertension.</p
Wood Usage and Fire Veneration in the Pamir, Xinjiang, 2500 yr BP
<div><p>Located on the Pamir Plateau in Xinjiang Province, China, the Jiāerzankale Necropolis dates back to 2500 yr BP. Many materials that have been unearthed in this cemetery, including shoo konghou (musical instrument), bronze mirrors and glass beads, suggest cultural transference between East and West. Furthermore, small-sized and rounded fire altars made from sweet-scented <i>Sabina</i> were found for the first time and regarded as implements for fire veneration. We identified 70 wooden objects from 25 tombs within the Necropolis, and found that each object had been made from one of seven tree species. Analysis revealed that the inhabitants of the region mainly used the most widely available types of wood, namely <i>Betula</i> and <i>Populus</i>. People also specifically chose inflammable <i>Populus</i> wood to make hearth boards and hand drills (both are used for making fire by drilling), rigid <i>Betula</i> wood to craft wooden plates. <i>Salix </i>was used for fashioning wooden sticks, while sweet-scented <i>Sabina</i> was the preferred choice for making fire altars. <i>Lonicera</i> was selected for arrow shaft manufacture and <i>Fraxinus syriaca</i>, which has a beautiful grain, was chosen for making musical instruments. Conscious selection of different types of wood indicates that people of the Pamir Plateau were aware of the properties of various types of timbers, and were able to exploit these properties to the full. In turn, this demonstrates their wisdom and their ability to survive in, and adapt to, their local environment.</p></div
Location of Jiāerzankale Necropolis.
<p>The red triangle represents the Jiāerzankale Necropolis site.</p
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates from the Jiāerzankale Necropolis.
<p>Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates from the Jiāerzankale Necropolis.</p
Photographs of wooden objects from Jiāerzankale Necropolis.
<p>(a)Top view of fire altar; (b) Front view of fire altar; (c) Arrow shaft; (d) Hearth board and hand drill; (e) Hand drill; (f) Hearth board; (g) Top view of wooden plate; (h) Top view of shoo konghou.</p
The use and species of wood found in Jiāerzankale Necropolis.
<p>The use and species of wood found in Jiāerzankale Necropolis.</p
Percentage of different wood species from Jiāerzankale Necropolis.
<p><i>Betula</i> sp. is the most species with percentage of 40%, while <i>Populus</i> sp. (21%), <i>Salix</i> sp. (11%), <i>Lonicera</i> sp. (11%), unidentified (7%), <i>Sabine</i> sp. (6%), <i>Fraxinus syriaca</i> (3%), <i>Elaeagnus angustifol</i> (1%).</p
Photograph of Jiāerzankale Necropolis.
<p>Tombs were surrounded by stone circles and a large area of black and white stones was laid on the surface.</p
Microphotographs of archaeological wood from Jiāerzankale Necropolis.
<p>(a) <i>Sabina</i>, transverse section; (b) <i>Sabina</i>, radial section; (c) <i>Populus</i>, transverse section; (d) <i>Populus</i>, radial section; (e) <i>Betula</i>, transverse section; (f) <i>Betula</i>, radial section; (g) <i>Salix</i>, transverse section; (h) <i>Salix</i>, radial section; (i) <i>Lonicera</i>, transverse section; (j) <i>Lonicera</i>, radial section; (k) <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i>, transverse section; (l) <i>Fraxinus syriaca</i>, transverse section.</p