Singularity categories of skewed-gentle algebras

Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field. Let $(Q,Sp,I)$ be a skewed-gentle triple, $(Q^{sg},I^{sg})$ and $(Q^g,I^{g})$ be its corresponding skewed-gentle pair and associated gentle pair respectively. It proves that the skewed-gentle algebra $KQ^{sg}/$ is singularity equivalent to $KQ/$. Moreover, we use $(Q,Sp,I)$ to describe the singularity category of $KQ^g/$. As a corollary, we get that $\mathrm{gldim} KQ^{sg}/<\infty$ if and only if $\mathrm{gldim} KQ/<\infty$ if and only if $\mathrm{gldim} KQ^{g}/< I^{g}><\infty$.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

The singularity categories of the Cluster-tilted algebras of Dynkin type

In this paper, we use the stable categories of some selfinjective algebras to describe the singularity categories of the cluster-tilted algebras of Dynkin type. Furthermore, in this way, we settle the problem of singularity equivalence classification of the cluster-tilted algebra of type $A$, $D$ and $E$ respectively.Comment: 16 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1012.4661 by other author

Formulae of ı\imath-divided powers in Uq(sl2){\bf U}_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2), III

The $\imath$-divided powers (depending on a parity) form the $\imath$canonical basis for the split rank 1 $\imath$quantum group and they are a basic ingredient for $\imath$quantum groups of higher rank. We obtain closed formulae for the structure constants for multiplication of the $\imath$-divided powers. Closed formulae for the comultiplication of the $\imath$-divided powers are also obtained. These structure constants are integral and positive.Comment: 19 page

Non-Invasive Functional Gene Delivery to the Central and Peripheral Nervous System Across Species

The normal function of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) relies on precise regulation. When this regulation breaks down in diseases, genetic access to the nervous system is critical for therapeutic intervention. However, access to the nervous system remains difficult, reflecting the critical need for development of effective and non-invasive gene delivery vectors across species. By applying directed evolution approach, we identified 2 capsids, AAV-MaCPNS1 and AAV-MaCPNS2, which efficiently transduced the PNS in rodents following intravenous administration. Combining with rational optimization, we also identified AAV-X1 capsid family, which transduce brain endothelial cells specifically and efficiently following systemic administration in wild-type mice with diverse genetic backgrounds and rats. Some previously-engineered AAVs that target the nervous system fail to translate across non-human primate (NHP). We thus also further tested our novel vectors across species and showed that AAV-MaCPNS1/2 efficiently transduced both the PNS and CNS in NHPs. AAV-X1.1 also exhibit superior transduction of the CNS in rhesus macaques and ex vivo human brain slices although the endothelial tropism is not conserved across species. With these enhanced systemic AAVs, we wanted to explore whether they could enable neuronal recording and modulation which has been challenging with the nature AAV serotypes. We used AAV-MaCPNS1 to systemically deliver the neuronal sensor jGCaMP8s to record calcium signal dynamics in nodose ganglia. We observed specific nodose neuronal response to physiological modulation in the gut. Furthermore, we showed that the MaCPNS1-delivered neuronal actuator DREADD to dorsal root ganglia could enable non-invasive neuronal modulation and create a model of pain. The functional utility of the novel systemic vectors demonstrated here provide a non-invasive approach to better explore the nervous system, which would lead to better therapeutic intervention. To this end, we also demonstrated that the X1 capsids can be used to genetically engineer the blood-brain barrier by transforming the mouse brain vasculature into a functional biofactory for production of therapeutic agents for CNS. We showed that vasculature-secreted Hevin (a synaptogenic protein), whose coding sequence is delivered by X1 vectors, rescued synaptic deficits in a mouse model. AAV repeated dosing could be favorable for certain therapeutic applications, however, neutralizing antibody generated following the first injection creates major obstacle for second injection. We explored whether serotype switching with 2 AAV capsids that have a distinguished neutralizing antibody profile could be a potential solution. To this end, we firstly showed that the X1 capsid modifications translate from AAV9 to other serotypes such as AAV1 and AAV-DJ. We then combined the different engineered serotype to enable serotype switching for sequential AAV administration in mice, showing the first AAV-delivered receptor for the second AAV could boost its CNS targeting. In general, we developed strategies to enable non-invasive functional gene delivery to the central and peripheral nervous system across species, which would be incremental for both basic neuroscience research and gene therapies for neurological disorders.</p

The translation of Indonesian Passive Voice into English in Novel 9 Summers 10 Autumns by Iwan Setyawan translated by Maggie Tiojakin

Desi Amalia. 1155030043. The Translation of Indonesian Passive Voice Into English In Novel 9 Summers 10 Autumns by Iwan Setawan Translated by Maggie Tiojakin. Thesis for English Literature in Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 2019. This research is done to find out the corresponding equivalents of Indonesian passive constructions in English as used in the novel and its translation an to identify the method of translation when translate SL into TL so that the TL sounds natural. The steps and procedures of discovering the answer to the both of research problems are shown under the discussion of research method which includes: (1) the data source, (2) method and technique of collecting the data consisting of observation method and note-taking technique; (3) method and technique of analyzing the data. The results of the study show that among the passive in Indonesian which can be identified in SL, most are marked by prefix di- (prefix di- + verb base) and (prefix di- + verb base + suffix –kan, -i), and prefix ter-, which are also translated into passive in English (be + past participle ) with five types namely (be+ past participle) + to infinitive translation, (be+ past participle) + by agent translation (stated and implied) , the next is translated into active, and the rest translated into get/got + past participle. This clearly reveals that some passives in SL are retained, namely translated into passive in English and some others are translated into actives. Second, from the 684 data analysis the researcher found four types of translation methods or procedures used in the passive translation, namely 33 sentences are translated using literal translation, 21 sentences are translated using transposition, 17 sentences are translated using modulation, and 13 sentences are translated using adaptation. From the analysis it also clearly shows that most of the passive voice in the Novel used literal translation to get the equivalent of the meaning