Singularity categories of skewed-gentle algebras

Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field. Let $(Q,Sp,I)$ be a skewed-gentle triple, $(Q^{sg},I^{sg})$ and $(Q^g,I^{g})$ be its corresponding skewed-gentle pair and associated gentle pair respectively. It proves that the skewed-gentle algebra $KQ^{sg}/$ is singularity equivalent to $KQ/$. Moreover, we use $(Q,Sp,I)$ to describe the singularity category of $KQ^g/$. As a corollary, we get that $\mathrm{gldim} KQ^{sg}/<\infty$ if and only if $\mathrm{gldim} KQ/<\infty$ if and only if $\mathrm{gldim} KQ^{g}/< I^{g}><\infty$.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

The singularity categories of the Cluster-tilted algebras of Dynkin type

In this paper, we use the stable categories of some selfinjective algebras to describe the singularity categories of the cluster-tilted algebras of Dynkin type. Furthermore, in this way, we settle the problem of singularity equivalence classification of the cluster-tilted algebra of type $A$, $D$ and $E$ respectively.Comment: 16 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1012.4661 by other author

Harsh Parenting and Adolescent suicidal Tendencies: Based on A Moderated Mediation Model

Various evidence reveals that teenagers today have become a population with high suicide risk. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to investigate the factors influencing teenagers’ suicide mentality and the mechanism underlying them. Published in Psychological Development and Education, this study examines the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent suicidal tendencies, based on a questionnaire survey of 4071 secondary students from four middle schools in Xi'an City

o-Nitrobenzyl-based polymer materials with light-regulated multi-functions

o-Nitrobenzyl (oNB)-based polymers have been used as photodegradable materials/surfaces, and responsive biomaterials. While previous studies have mainly focused on the photodegradation of the material by intercalating oNB derivatives in the polymer chains, this thesis pays attention to the utilization of oNB photolysis to tailor the properties of materials, including interface functions, network topology, and bulk properties. To this end, two kinds of oNB based molecules with multifunctional units were designed and synthesized: 2-bromo-N-(2-nitro-3, 4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-2-methylpropanamide (NO2-BDAM, nitrodapomine based initiator) and 2-((2-bromo-2-methylpropanoyl)oxy)ethyl 4-(4-(1-(acryloyloxy)ethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy) butanoate (vinyl-oNB-Br, photolabile inimer). In part 1, NO2-BDAM, in combination with Mn2(CO)10 as a visible light-sensitive additive, was used to control the growth and detachment of polymer brushes independently. In part 2, vinyl-oNB-Br was introduced into a double network material for in situ regulating topology from connected double network (c-DN) to disconnected double network (d-DN) by light exposure. In the last part, vinyl-oNB-Br was used to graft and detach polymer brushes from a network, leading to the change of network topology and material toughness. These results contribute to the topic of functionalized oNB based polymer systems and tunable topological polymer networks, providing useful strategies both in chemistry and materials.o-Nitrobenzyl (oNB)-basierte Polymere wurden als photoabbaubare Materialien/Oberflächen und responsive Biomaterialien verwendet. Während sich frühere Studien hauptsächlich auf den Photoabbau des Materials durch die Interkalation von oNB-Derivaten in den Polymerketten konzentrierten, widmet sich diese Arbeit der Nutzung der oNB-Photolyse, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien, einschließlich Grenzflächenfunktionen, Netzwerktopologie und Volumeneigenschaften, anzupassen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden zwei Arten von oNB-basierten Molekülen mit multifunktionellen Einheiten entworfen und synthetisiert: 2-Brom-N-(2-nitro-3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-2-methylpropanamid (NO2-BDAM, Nitrodapomin-basierter Initiator) und 2 -((2-Brom-2-methylpropanoyl)oxy)ethyl 4-(4-(1-(Acryloyloxy)ethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy)butanoat (vinyl-oNB-Br, photolabiles Inimer). In Teil 1 wurde NO2-BDAM in Kombination mit Mn2(CO)10 als Additiv für sichtbares Licht verwendet, um das Wachstum und die Ablösung von Polymerbürsten unabhängig voneinander zu kontrollieren. In Teil 2 wurde vinyl-oNB-Br in ein Doppelnetzwerkmaterial eingebracht, um die Topologie in situ vom verbundenen Doppelnetzwerk (c-DN) zum getrennten Doppelnetzwerk (d-DN) durch Lichteinwirkung zu regulieren. Im letzten Teil wurde Vinyl-oNB-Br zum Aufpfropfen und Ablösen von Polymerbürsten aus einem Netzwerk verwendet, was zu einer Änderung der Netzwerktopologie und Materialzähigkeit führte. Diese Ergebnisse tragen zum Thema funktionalisierte oNB-basierte Polymersysteme und abstimmbare topologische Polymernetzwerke bei und liefern nützliche Strategien sowohl in der Chemie als auch in den Materialien

Open Environmental Information Upon Disclosure Request in China: The Paradox of Legal Mobilization

Taking a realist view that law is one form of politics, this dissertation studies the roles of citizens and organizations in mobilizing the law to request government agencies to disclose environmental information in China, and during this process, how the socio-legal field interacts with the political-legal sphere, and what changes have been brought about during their interactions. This work takes a socio-legal approach and applies methodologies of social science and legal analysis. It aims to understand the paradox of why and how citizens and entities have been invoking the law to access environmental information despite the fact that various obstacles exist and the effectiveness of the new mechanism of environmental information disclosure still remains low. The study is largely based on the 28 cases and eight surveys of environmental information disclosure requests collected by the author. The cases and surveys analysed in this dissertation all occurred between May 2008, when the OGI Regulations and the OEI Measures came into effect, and August 2012 when the case collection was completed. The findings of this study have shown that by invoking the rules of law made by the authorities to demand government agencies disclosing environmental information, the public, including citizens, organizations, law firms, and the media, have strategically created a repercussive pressure upon the authorities to act according to the law. While it is a top-down process that has established the mechanism of open government information in China, it is indeed the bottom-up activism of the public that makes it work. Citizens and organizations’ use of legal tactics to push government agencies to disclose environmental information have formed not only an end of accessing the information but more a means of making government agencies accountable to their legal obligations. Law has thus played a pivotal role in enabling citizen participation in the political process. Against the current situation in China that political campaigns, or politicization, from general election to collective actions, especially contentious actions, are still restrained or even repressed by the government, legal mobilization, or judicialization, that citizens and organizations use legal tactics to demand their rights and push government agencies to enforce the law, become de facto an alternative of political participation. During this process, legal actions have helped to strengthen the civil society, make government agencies act according to law, push back the political boundaries, and induce changes in the relationship between the state and the public. In the field of environmental information disclosure, citizens and organizations have formed a bottom-up social activism, though limited in scope, using the language of law, creating progressive social, legal and political changes. This study emphasizes that it is partial and incomplete to understand China’s transition only from the top-down policy-making and government administration; it is also important to observe it from the bottom-up perspective that in a realistic view law can be part of politics and legal mobilization, even when utterly apolitical, can help to achieve political aims as well. This study of legal mobilization in the field of environmental information disclosure also helps us to better understand the function of law: law is not only a tool for the authorities to regulate and control, but inevitably also a weapon for the public to demand government agencies to work towards their obligations stipulated by the laws issued by themselves.Tämä väitöskirja tarkastelee kansalaisten ja järjestöjen rooleja ympäristön tilaa koskevan tiedon vaatimisessa valtion laitoksilta hyödyntämällä sitä varten tehtyjä lakeja Kiinan kansantasavallassa. Tarkastelun kohteena ovat myös tietopyyntöprosessin yhteiskunnallis-laillisen puolen ja poliittis-laillisen puolen vuorovaikutuksen mukanaan tuomat muutokset. Väitöskirjan lähestymistapa on oikeussosiologinen sen hyödyntäessä yhteiskuntatieteen ja laintulkinnan metodeja. Sen keskiössä on kansalaisten ja muiden toimijoiden toiminnan ristiriita niiden hyödyntäessä lakia saadakseen käsiinsä ympäristön tilaa koskevaa informaatiota. Ristiriita kumpuaa tiedon saannin epävarmuudesta ja uuden mekanismin toimintavarmuuden kyseenalaisuudesta. Väitöskirjassa laki nähdään realistisen koulukunnan mukaan yhtenä politiikan osa-alueena. Tutkimuksen pohjana on 28 tapausta ja kahdeksan selvitystä ympäristötietoa koskevista tietopyynnöistä. Tapaukset ja selvitykset ajoittuvat vuoden 2008 toukokuun jälkeiselle ajalle, jolloin Kiina otti käyttöön tiedon avoimuutta käsittelevät säädökset. Materiaalien keräys päättyi vuoden 2012 elokuussa. Tutkimuksen johtopäätös on, että hyödyntämällä valtion omia lainvoimaisia tietopyyntöjä mahdollistavia mekanismeja, kansalaiset, järjestöt, asianajotoimistot ja media ovat aikaansaaneet valtioon kohdistuvan paineen, joka pakottaa sen toimimaan lain kirjaimen mukaan. Näin ylhäältä käsin luodun mekanismin toimivuuden on todistanut ruohonjuuritason aktivismi. Kansalaiset ja järjestöt ovat siis luoneet niin pääsyn tiedon lähteille kuin keinon saattaa valtion toimijat vastuuseen lain edellyttämistä velvoitteistaan. Lain rooli kansalaisten osallistamisessa poliittiseen prosessiin on täten ilmeinen.Siirretty Doriast