(2-Hydroxy­benzoato-κO 1)[tris­(1-methyl­benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl-κN 3)amine-κN]cobalt(II) perchlorate dimethyl­formamide sesquisolvate

In the title complex, [Co(C7H5O3)(C27H27N7)]ClO4·1.5C3H7NO, the CoII ion is five-coordinated by four N atoms from a tris­(N-methyl­benzimidazol-2-ylmeth­yl)amine (Mentb) ligand and one O atom from a salicylate ligand in a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry with approximate mol­ecular C 3 symmetry. The perchlorate ion is disordered over two sites with equal occupancy. One dimethyl­formamide solvent mol­ecule lies on a general position and is disordered over two coplanar orientations with equal occupancy. A second dimethyl­formamide mol­ecule is disordered about a twofold rotation axis. There is an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond in the cation

1,3-Bis(1-benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxapropane

In the title compound, C30H26N4O, the dihedral angle between the two benzimidazole rings is 69.35 (9)°. The dihedral angles between the benzimidazole ring system and the phenyl ring are 76.79 (12) and 86.10 (11)° in the two benzyl­benzimidazole moieties

Genome-wide analysis of FRF gene family and functional identification of HvFRF9 under drought stress in barley

FHY3 and its homologous protein FAR1 are the founding members of FRS family. They exhibited diverse and powerful physiological functions during evolution, and participated in the response to multiple abiotic stresses. FRF genes are considered to be truncated FRS family proteins. They competed with FRS for DNA binding sites to regulate gene expression. However, only few studies are available on FRF genes in plants participating in the regulation of abiotic stress. With wide adaptability and high stress-resistance, barley is an excellent candidate for the identification of stress-resistance-related genes. In this study, 22 HvFRFs were detected in barley using bioinformatic analysis from whole genome. According to evolution and conserved motif analysis, the 22 HvFRFs could be divided into subfamilies I and II. Most promoters of subfamily I members contained abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate response elements; however, a large number promoters of subfamily II contained gibberellin and salicylic acid response elements. HvFRF9, one of the members of subfamily II, exhibited a expression advantage in different tissues, and it was most significantly upregulated under drought stress. In-situ PCR revealed that HvFRF9 is mainly expressed in the root epidermal cells, as well as xylem and phloem of roots and leaves, indicating that HvFRF9 may be related to absorption and transportation of water and nutrients. The results of subcellular localization indicated that HvFRF9 was mainly expressed in the nuclei of tobacco epidermal cells and protoplast of arabidopsis. Further, transgenic arabidopsis plants with HvFRF9 overexpression were generated to verify the role of HvFRF9 in drought resistance. Under drought stress, leaf chlorosis and wilting, MDA and O2− contents were significantly lower, meanwhile, fresh weight, root length, PRO content, and SOD, CAT and POD activities were significantly higher in HvFRF9-overexpressing arabidopsis plants than in wild-type plants. Therefore, overexpression of HvFRF9 could significantly enhance the drought resistance in arabidopsis. These results suggested that HvFRF9 may play a key role in drought resistance in barley by increasing the absorption and transportation of water and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This study provided a theoretical basis for drought resistance in barley and provided new genes for drought resistance breeding

Bis[1,3-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxapropane]cobalt(II) dipicrate acetonitrile trisolvate

In the title compound, [Co(C16H14N4O)2](C6H2N3O7)2·3CH3CN, the CoII ion is located on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis and is coordinated in a slightly distorted tetrahedral environment by four N atoms from the two bidentate N-heterocycles. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds. One of the acetonitrile solvent molecules also lies on a twofold rotation axis

Lipid nanomaterials-based RNA therapy and cancer treatment

We summarize the most important advances in RNA delivery and nanomedicine. We describe lipid nanoparticle-based RNA therapeutics and the impacts on the development of novel drugs. The fundamental properties of the key RNA members are described. We introduced recent advances in the nanoparticles to deliver RNA to defined targets, with a focus on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). We review recent advances in biomedical therapy based on RNA drug delivery and state-of-the-art RNA application platforms, including the treatment of different types of cancer. This review presents an overview of current LNPs based RNA therapies in cancer treatment and provides deep insight into the development of future nanomedicines sophisticatedly combining the unparalleled functions of RNA therapeutics and nanotechnology

Comparison of oil displacement mechanisms and performances between continuous and dispersed phase flooding agents

To compare the oil displacement mechanisms and performances of continuous phase flooding agent (traditional polymer solution) and dispersed phase flooding agent (particle-type polymer SMG dispersion), the particle phase separation of SMG dispersion migrating in pores was simulated by using the microfluidic technology. Theoretically guided by the tree fork concentration distribution of red cells in biological fluid mechanics, the concentration distribution mathematical model of SMG in different pores is established. Furthermore, the micro and macro physical simulation experiments of continuous and dispersed phase flooding agents were carried out. The results show that the continuous flooding agent enters all the swept zones and increases the flow resistance in both larger and small pores. On the contrary, the particle phase separation phenomenon occurs during the injection process of dispersed flooding agent. The SMG particles gather in the larger pore to form bridge blinding, and the carrier fluid displace oil in the small pore. Working in cooperation, the SMG particle and carrier fluid drive the residual oil in the low permeability layers step by step and achieve the goal of enhanced oil recovery. The laboratory experimental results indicate that, the oil increment and water reduction effect of dispersed flooding agent is much better than that of continuous flooding agent, which is consistent with the field test results. Key words: polymer flooding, particle-type polymer, polymer water dispersion, particle phase separation, microfluidic technology, deep fluid diversion ability, oil displacement mechanis

Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study on Self-Ignition of α‑Methylnaphthalene in a Heated Rapid Compression Machine

As an important component of diesel and kerosene surrogates, the experimental study and chemical kinetic modeling of α-methylnaphthalene (AMN) are still very insufficient. The ignition delay of an AMN/O₂/Ar mixture in a heated rapid compression machine (RCM) was measured in this study. The data were obtained for equivalence ratios of 0.7, 1, and 1.2, at pressures of 12, 15, and 20 bar, over the temperature range of 860–1040 K. A semi-detailed kinetic mechanism for the oxidation of AMN was established, which consists of 196 species and 1330 reactions. In comparison to the different previous mechanism, the new mechanism can more accurately predict the ignition delay of AMN in RCM and shock tube experiments. It can also accurately predict the experimental data obtained in a jet-stirred reactor from the literature. The ignition delays using adiabatic constant-volume simulation and RCM simulation were compared, which indicated that RCM simulation could better predict the experimental data. Sensitivity and reaction path analysis were also carried out to explore the effect of key reactions and paths on AMN ignition