Superconducting transition in Pb/Co nanocomposites: effect of Co volume fraction and external magnetic field

Pb films embedded with homogeneously distributed cobalt (Co) nanoparticles (mean size 4.5 nm) have been prepared. Previous transport investigations have shown that Co particles induce spontaneous vortices below the superconducting transition temperature (T$_{c}$) in zero external magnetic field. In this paper we study in detail the influence of the Co volume franction and an external magnetic field on the superconducting transition in such composites. The large difference in T$_c$-reduction between the as-prepared and annealed samples can be attributed to the different superconducting coherence lengths and the resulting different diameters of the spontaneous vortices in these samples.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

The Pediatric Cell Atlas: defining the growth phase of human development at single-cell resolution

Single-cell gene expression analyses of mammalian tissues have uncovered profound stage-specific molecular regulatory phenomena that have changed the understanding of unique cell types and signaling pathways critical for lineage determination, morphogenesis, and growth. We discuss here the case for a Pediatric Cell Atlas as part of the Human Cell Atlas consortium to provide single-cell profiles and spatial characterization of gene expression across human tissues and organs. Such data will complement adult and developmentally focused HCA projects to provide a rich cytogenomic framework for understanding not only pediatric health and disease but also environmental and genetic impacts across the human lifespan

Response of TaFLR MAPKKK to wheat leaf rust and Fusarium head blight and the activation of downstream components

Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways form a key network in plant defense responses. Gene array analysis has indicated that many members of the MAPK pathway in host plants are regulated in response to pathogen attack. TaFLR (wheat Fusarium and Leaf Rust Response, a wheat MAP kinase kinase kinase gene) was transcriptionally up-regulated during the early interactions of wheat and the leaf rust pathogen, Puccinia triticina. Infection with Fusarium graminearum also activated this kinase gene. Analysis of the background transcript levels in sixteen different wheat cultivars showed no correlation between the transcriptional level of TaFLR and the resistance phenotypes to Fusarium head blight. Transient expression of TaFLR in protoplasts activated pathogenesis-related genes β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase. While the level of TaFLRS gene (wheat Fusarium and Leaf Rust Sensitive, a wheat MAP kinase) remained unchanged at the translational level, the kinase protein was highly phosphorylated. Ectopic expression of TaFLR in tomato plants enh

Color-stable highly luminescent sky-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes

10.1038/s41467-018-05909-8Nature Communications91354

A taxonomy for the flexible job shop scheduling problem

This chapter aims at developing a taxonomic framework to classify the studies on the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP). The FJSP is a generalization of the classical job shop scheduling problem (JSP), which is one of the oldest NP-hard problems. Although various solution methodologies have been developed to obtain good solutions in reasonable time for FSJPs with different objective functions and constraints, no study which systematically reviews the FJSP literature has been encountered. In the proposed taxonomy, the type of study, type of problem, objective, methodology, data characteristics, and benchmarking are the main categories. In order to verify the proposed taxonomy, a variety of papers from the literature are classified. Using this classification, several inferences are drawn and gaps in the FJSP literature are specified. With the proposed taxonomy, the aim is to develop a framework for a broad view of the FJSP literature and construct a basis for future studies