827 research outputs found
Measuring the Relative Strong Phase in and Decays
In a recently suggested method for measuring the weak phase in
decays, the relative strong phase in and decays (equivalently, in and \od \to K^{*+} K^-) plays a role. It is shown how a study of
the Dalitz plot in can yield information on this phase,
and the size of the data sample which would give a useful measurement is
estimated.Comment: 13 pages, latex, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D. Appendix and
some text on additional resonant contributions adde
Deformation of a renormalization-group equation applied to infinite-order phase transitions
By adding a linear term to a renormalization-group equation in a system
exhibiting infinite-order phase transitions, asymptotic behavior of running
coupling constants is derived in an algebraic manner. A benefit of this method
is presented explicitly using several examples.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, revtex4, typo corrected, references adde
'Heaven starts at your parents' feet' : adolescent bowing to parents and associated spiritual attitudes
In a quantitative survey of religious attitudes and practices in a multi-religious sample of
369 school pupils aged between 13 and 15 in London, the practice of bowing to parents was
found widespread in 22% of adolescents spanning several religious affiliations and
ethnicities â especially Buddhists, Hindus and those of Indian, African and âOther Asianâ
ethnicity. Whether an adolescent bowed correlated significantly with spiritual attitudes such
as wanting to abstain from alcohol, hearing religious stories, being inspired by religious
festivals and liking the idea of seeing God in everything. Findings suggest bowing to
parents can have religious significance on all three levels of Jacksonâs Interpretive
Approach and therefore cannot be regarded as a âcultural accretionâ of religion. Study of
bowing to parents could form a unifying exercise in shared values for study of religion in
the plural classroom and facilitate community cohesion in certain religious membership
groups
Projections of air pollutant emissions and its impacts on regional air quality in China in 2020
Anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants in China influence not only local and regional environments but also the global atmospheric environment; therefore, it is important to understand how China's air pollutant emissions will change and how they will affect regional air quality in the future. Emission scenarios in 2020 were projected using forecasts of energy consumption and emission control strategies based on emissions in 2005, and on recent development plans for key industries in China. We developed four emission scenarios: REF[0] (current control legislations and implementation status), PC[0] (improvement of energy efficiencies and current environmental legislation), PC[1] (improvement of energy efficiencies and better implementation of environmental legislation), and PC[2] (improvement of energy efficiencies and strict environmental legislation). Under the REF[0] scenario, the emission of SO2, NOx, VOC and NH3 will increase by 17%, 50%, 49% and 18% in 2020, while PM10 emissions will be reduced by 10% over East China, compared to that in 2005. In PC[2], sustainable energy polices will reduce SO2, NOx and PM10 emissions by 4.1 Tg, 2.6 Tg and 1.8 Tg, respectively; better implementation of current control policies will reduce SO2, NOx and PM10 emission by 2.9 Tg, 1.8 Tg, and 1.4 Tg, respectively; strict emission standards will reduce SO2, NOx and PM10 emissions by 3.2 Tg, 3.9 Tg, and 1.7 Tg, respectively. Under the PC[2] scenario, SO2 and PM10 emissions will decrease by 18% and 38%, while NOx and VOC emissions will increase by 3% and 8%, compared to that in 2005. Future air quality in China was simulated using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model (CMAQ). Under RE[0] emissions, compared to 2005, the surface concentrations of SO2, NO2, hourly maximum ozone in summer, PM2.5, total sulfur and nitrogen depositions will increase by 28%, 41%, 8%, 8%, 19% and 25%, respectively, over east China. Under the PC[2] emission scenario, the surface concentrations of SO2, M2.5, total sulfur depositions will decrease by 18%, 16% and 15%, respectively, and the surface concentrations of NO2, nitrate, hourly maximum ozone in summer, total nitrogen depositions will be kept as 2005 level, over east China. The individual impacts of SO2, NOx, NH3, NMVOC and primary PM emission changes on ozone and PM.5 concentrations have been analyzed using sensitivity analysis. The results suggest that NOx emission control need to be enhanced during the summertime to obtain both ozone and PM2.5 reduction benefits. NH3 emission controls should also be considered in order to reduce both nitrate concentration and total nitrogen deposition in the future
Deepening of Southern Ocean gateway leads to abrupt onset of a deep-reaching meridional overturning circulation
During the Eocene and the Eocene-Oligocene transition, the lower cell of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), associated with bottom water formation, underwent changes associated with the geological evolution of Southern Ocean gateways. These are important for the Cenozoic climate transition from Greenhouse to Icehouse, but their dynamics still remain elusive. We demonstrate, using an idealized eddying ocean model, that the opening of a gateway leads to the abrupt onset of a vigorous, deep-reaching, MOC. This MOC has a maximum transport for a shallow gateway, and decreases with further deepening of the gateway. This abrupt change in the MOC can be explained through the ability with which standing meandersâturbulent features located downstream of the gatewayâcan induce deep vertical heat transport at high latitudes where bottom waters are produced. Our results demonstrate the crucial role of turbulent processes in setting the strength of the global ocean's deep-reaching MOC
The Localization of -Wave and Quantum Effective Potential of a Quasi-Free Particle with Position-Dependent Mass
The properties of the s-wave for a quasi-free particle with
position-dependent mass(PDM) have been discussed in details. Differed from the
system with constant mass in which the localization of the s-wave for the free
quantum particle around the origin only occurs in two dimensions, the
quasi-free particle with PDM can experience attractive forces in dimensions
except D=1 when its mass function satisfies some conditions. The effective mass
of a particle varying with its position can induce effective interaction which
may be attractive in some cases. The analytical expressions of the
eigenfunctions and the corresponding probability densities for the s-waves of
the two- and three-dimensional systems with a special PDM are given, and the
existences of localization around the origin for these systems are shown.Comment: 12pages, 8 figure
Efficient scheme for one-way quantum computing in thermal cavities
We propose a practical scheme for one-way quantum computing based on
efficient generation of 2D cluster state in thermal cavities. We achieve a
controlled-phase gate that is neither sensitive to cavity decay nor to thermal
field by adding a strong classical field to the two-level atoms. We show that a
2D cluster state can be generated directly by making every two atoms collide in
an array of cavities, with numerically calculated parameters and appropriate
operation sequence that can be easily achieved in practical Cavity QED
experiments. Based on a generated cluster state in Box configuration,
we then implement Grover's search algorithm for four database elements in a
very simple way as an example of one-way quantum computing.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
A comparative assessment of biomass ash preparation methods using X-ray fluorescence and wet chemical analysis
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is a rapid method used to determine the composition of biomass ash, but the accuracy of the method is sensitive to various factors including ash preparation methods. In this study different types of biomass ash were examined by using wet chemical analysis (WCA) and compared with the respective XRF results. The biomass ash was initially prepared in accordance with the European Standard method at 550 °C. At this low combustion temperature the amount of residual unburned carbon is significant. To eliminate this, the ashes were heated at higher temperatures: a batch of twenty biomass ashes were heated at 850 °C and a batch of five heated to 815 °C. At these higher temperatures there may be loss of inorganic components by vaporisation. Variation in these effects may lead to unreliable results. The relationship between XRF and WCA results are given by regression equations. The ashes processed at 815 °C show better agreement between the two analysis methods
Big, Fast Vortices in the d-RVB theory of High Temperature Superconductivity
The effect of proximity to a Mott insulating phase on the superflow
properties of a d-wave superconductor is studied using the slave boson-U(1)
gauge theory model. The model has two limits corresponding to superconductivity
emerging either out of a 'renormalized fermi liquid' or out of a
non-fermi-liquid regime. Three crucial physical parameters are identified: the
size of the vortex \textit{as determined from the supercurrent it induces;} the
coupling of the superflow to the quasiparticles and the 'nondissipative time
derivative' term. As the Mott phase is approached, the core size as defined
from the supercurrent diverges, the coupling between superflow and
quasiparticles vanishes, and the magnitude of the nondissipative time
derivative dramatically increases. The dissipation due to a moving vortex is
found to vary as the third power of the doping. The upper critical field and
the size of the critical regime in which paraconductivity may be observed are
estimated, and found to be controlled by the supercurrent length scale
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