21,515 research outputs found
On the Parametrization of Flavor Mixing in the Standard Model
It is shown that there exist nine different ways to describe the flavor
mixing, in terms of three rotation angles and one CP-violating phase, within
the standard electroweak theory of six quarks. For the assignment of the
complex phase there essentially exists a continuum of possibilities, if one
allows the phase to appear in more than four elements of the mixing matrix. If
the phase is restricted to four elements, the phase assignment is uniquely
defined. If one imposes the constraint that the phase disappears in a natural
way in the chiral limit in which the masses of the u and d quarks are turned
off, only three of the nine parametrizations are acceptable. In particular the
``standard'' parametrization advocated by the Particle Data Group is not
permitted. One parametrization, in which the CP-violating phase is restricted
to the light quark sector, stands up as the most favorable description of the
flavor mixing.Comment: Latex 8 page
Higher-Derivative Gravity with Non-minimally Coupled Maxwell Field
We construct higher-derivative gravities with a non-minimally coupled Maxwell
field. The Lagrangian consists of polynomial invariants built from the Riemann
tensor and the Maxwell field strength in such a way that the equations of
motion are second order for both the metric and the Maxwell potential. We also
generalize the construction to involve a generic non-minimally coupled -form
field strength. We then focus on one low-lying example in four dimensions and
construct the exact magnetically-charged black holes. We also construct exact
electrically-charged Lifshitz black holes. We obtain approximate dyonic
black holes for the small coupling constant or small charges. We find that the
thermodynamics based on the Wald formalism disagrees with that derived from the
Euclidean action procedure, suggesting this may be a general situation in
higher-derivative gravities with non-minimally coupled form fields. As an
application in the AdS/CFT correspondence, we study the entropy/viscosity ratio
for the AdS or Lifshitz planar black holes, and find that the exact ratio can
be obtained without having to know the details of the solutions, even for this
higher-derivative theory.Comment: Latex, 23 page
Can the Lepton Flavor Mixing Matrix Be Symmetric?
Current neutrino oscillation data indicate that the 3x3 lepton flavor mixing
matrix V is likely to be symmetric about its V_{e3}-V_{\mu 2}-V_{\tau 1} axis.
This off-diagonal symmetry corresponds to three pairs of {\it congruent}
unitarity triangles in the complex plane. Terrestrial matter effects can
substantially modify the genuine CP-violating parameter and off-diagonal
asymmetries of V in realistic long-baseline experiments of neutrino
oscillations.Comment: RexTex 14 pages (4 PS figures). More discussions adde
Implications of the KamLAND Measurement on the Lepton Flavor Mixing Matrix and the Neutrino Mass Matrix
We explore some important implications of the KamLAND measurment on the
lepton flavor mixing matrix and the neutrino mass matrix . The
model-independent constraints on nine matrix elements of are obtained to a
reasonable degree of accuracy. We find that nine two-zero textures of are
compatible with current experimental data, but two of them are only marginally
allowed. Instructive predictions are given for the absolute neutrino masses,
Majorana phases of CP violation, effective masses of the tritium beta decay and
neutrinoless double beta decay.Comment: RevTex 15 pages (4 PS figures included
Universal Elasticity and Fluctuations of Nematic Gels
We study elasticity of spontaneously orientationally-ordered amorphous
solids, characterized by a vanishing transverse shear modulus, as realized for
example by nematic elastomers and gels. We show that local heterogeneities and
elastic nonlinearities conspire to lead to anomalous nonlocal universal
elasticity controlled by a nontrivial infared fixed point. Namely, at long
scales, such solids are characterized by universal shear and bending moduli
that, respectively, vanish and diverge at long scales, are universally
incompressible and exhibit a universal negative Poisson ratio and a non-Hookean
elasticity down to arbitrarily low strains. Based on expansion about five
dimensions, we argue that the nematic order is stable to thermal fluctuation
and local hetergeneities down to d_lc < 3.Comment: 4 RevTeX pgs, submitted to PR
Network analysis of the worldwide footballer transfer market
The transfer of football players is an important part in football games. Most
studies on the transfer of football players focus on the transfer system and
transfer fees but not on the transfer behavior itself. Based on the 470,792
transfer records from 1990 to 2016 among 23,605 football clubs in 206 countries
and regions, we construct a directed footballer transfer network (FTN), where
the nodes are the football clubs and the links correspond to the footballer
transfers. A systemic analysis is conduced on the topological properties of the
FTN. We find that the in-degrees, out-degrees, in-strengths and out-strengths
of nodes follow bimodal distributions (a power law with exponential decay),
while the distribution of link weights has a power-law tail. We further figure
out the correlations between node degrees, node strengths and link weights. We
also investigate the general characteristics of different measures of network
centrality. Our network analysis of the global footballer transfer market sheds
new lights into the investigation of the characteristics of transfer
activities.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Robust signatures of quantum radiation reaction in focused ultrashort laser pulses
Radiation reaction effects in the interaction of an electron bunch with a
superstrong focused ultrashort laser pulse are investigated in the quantum
radiation dominated regime. The angle-resolved Compton scattering spectra are
calculated in laser pulses of variable duration using a semi-classical
description for the radiation dominated dynamics and a full quantum treatment
for the emitted radiation. In dependence of the laser pulse duration we find
signatures of quantum radiation reaction in the radiation spectra, which are
characteristic for the focused laser beam and visible in the qualitative
behaviour of both the angular spread and the spectral bandwidth of the
radiation spectra. The signatures are robust with respect to the variation of
the electron and laser beam parameters in a large range. They fully differ
qualitatively from those in the classical radiation reaction regime and are
measurable with presently available laser technology
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