Holographic optical disc

The holographic disc is a high capacity, disk-based data storage device that can provide the performance for next generation mass data storage needs. With a projected capacity approaching 1 terabit on a single 12 cm platter, the holographic disc has the potential to become a highly efficient storage hardware for data warehousing applications. The high readout rate of holographic disc makes it especially suitable for generating multiple, high bandwidth data streams such as required for network server computers. Multimedia applications such as interactive video and HDTV can also potentially benefit from the high capacity and fast data access of holographic memory

Holographic optical disc

The holographic disc is a high capacity, disk-based data storage device that can provide the performance for next generation mass data storage needs. With a projected capacity approaching 1 terabit on a single 12 cm platter, the holographic disc has the potential to become a highly efficient storage hardware for data warehousing applications. The high readout rate of holographic disc makes it especially suitable for generating multiple, high bandwidth data streams such as required for network server computers. Multimedia applications such as interactive video and HDTV can also potentially benefit from the high capacity and fast data access of holographic memory

Precancerous Stem Cells Have the Potential for both Benign and Malignant Differentiation

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in hematopoietic and solid tumors. However, their precursors—namely, precancerous stem cells (pCSCs) —have not been characterized. Here we experimentally define the pCSCs that have the potential for both benign and malignant differentiation, depending on environmental cues. While clonal pCSCs can develop into various types of tissue cells in immunocompetent mice without developing into cancer, they often develop, however, into leukemic or solid cancers composed of various types of cancer cells in immunodeficient mice. The progress of the pCSCs to cancers is associated with the up-regulation of c-kit and Sca-1, as well as with lineage markers. Mechanistically, the pCSCs are regulated by the PIWI/AGO family gene called piwil2. Our results provide clear evidence that a single clone of pCSCs has the potential for both benign and malignant differentiation, depending on the environmental cues. We anticipate pCSCs to be a novel target for the early detection, prevention, and therapy of cancers

Transcriptomic insights into adenoid cystic carcinoma via RNA sequencing

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) at the transcriptome level.Materials and methods: We obtained paired tumor and normal salivary gland tissues from 15 ACC patients, which were prepared for RNA sequencing.Results: Gene enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated pathways were mainly involved in axonogenesis, and the downregulated pathways were mainly related to leukocyte migration, the adaptive immune response, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, and the humoral immune response. T-cells, B-cells and NK cells showed low infiltration in ACC tissues. In addition to the gene fusions MYB-NFIB and MYBL1-NFIB, a new gene fusion, TVP23C-CDRT4, was also detected in 3 ACC tissues. PRAME was significantly upregulated in ACC tissues, while antigen-presenting human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes were downregulated.Conclusion: We found a new gene fusion, TVP23C-CDRT4, that was highly expressed in ACC. PRAME may be an attractive target for ACC immunotherapy

Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Efficiency of BiVO₄ Photoanodes by a Hybrid Structure of Layered Double Hydroxide and Graphene

Making solar fuels, e.g., hydrogen from water splitting, is one of the most critical pathways to developing a clean energy economy. The overall water splitting includes two half-reactions, i.e., water reduction and water oxidation, in which the latter is a speed-limiting step because of its multiproton-coupled four-electron process. It is highly desirable to improve the efficiency of the prevailing photoelectrochemical (PEC) anodes. We constructed an integrated BiVO₄ photoanode modified with a hybrid structure of CoAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and graphene (G), i.e., G@LDH@BiVO₄. This triadic photoanode exhibited a remarkably enhanced performance toward PEC water oxidation, compared to LDH@BiVO₄ and pristine BiVO₄. The photocurrent density of G@LDH@BiVO₄ achieved 2.13 mA·cm^–2 (at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), 4 times higher than that of pristine BiVO₄. The oxidation efficiency is as high as 80% even at a low bias (<0.8 V vs RHE). The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of G@LDH@BiVO₄ reaches 52% at 400 nm, 2.5 times higher than that of BiVO₄. The photoconversion efficiency peaked at 0.55% at a bias of 0.72 V, a 25-fold increase over that of BiVO₄. The findings indicated that the improvement of charge separation efficiency is mainly ascribed to graphene. The enhanced charge transfer efficiency is a consequence of the synergy of graphene and an LDH, where the LDH is capable of expediting water oxidation kinetics and graphene promotes photogenerated charge transfer