Efecto del peso pregestacional y la ganancia de peso en el embarazo sobre el peso del recién nacido en embarazadas adolescentes.

Nutrition is undoubtedly a factor that determines fetal growth and life after birth. The nutritional status of the mother and its direct effect on the newborn has been widely studied. However, there are indirect pathways that have not been largely explored, such as weight gain during pregnancy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of pre-pregnancy weight mediated by gestational weight gain on the weight of the newborn. Methodology: Observational Design of a historical cohort. Data collected from the births of adolescent women were analyzed. Data analysis included descriptive statistics using chi2 and Mann Whitney. Structural equation models were used to evaluate the direct and / or mediated effect of the variables, habitual weight of the pregnant woman (weight prior to pregnancy) and gestational weight gain on the weight of the newborn. Results: In a direct way, the usual weight of the woman affects the weight of the newborn, so that, for each kilo of maternal increase, the weight of the child increases by 9.7 grams. Additionally, it was found that, for each kilogram of maternal weight gain, the child's weight increased 17.47 grams. Conclusions: The findings are of great importance, since although starting pregnancy with an adequate maternal weight is important for the well-being of the newborn, this study suggests that the impact of feeding on the process is greater, so directing management strategies Adequate nutrition during pregnancy is essential.La nutrición, sin duda, es un factor que determina el crecimiento fetal y la vida posterior al nacimiento. El estado nutricional de la madre y su efecto directo en el recién nacido ha sido ampliamente estudiado. No obstante, existen vías indirectas que no se han analizado mayormente, como la ganancia de peso durante el embarazo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del peso pregestacional mediado por la ganancia de peso gestacional sobre el peso del recién nacido. Metodología: Diseño Observacional de cohorte histórica. El análisis de los datos incluyó estadística descriptiva utilizando chi2 y Mann Whitney. Para evaluar el efecto directo y/o mediado de las variables, peso habitual de la embarazada (peso previo al embarazo) y ganancia de peso gestacional sobre el peso del recién nacido, se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: De manera directa el peso habitual de la mujer afecta el peso del recién nacido, de modo que, por cada kilo de aumento materno, el peso del niño aumenta 9,7 gramos. Adicionalmente, se pudo encontrar que, por cada kilogramo de ganancia de peso materno, el peso del niño aumentó 17,47 gramos. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos son de gran importancia, ya que si bien, iniciar la gestación con un peso materno adecuado es importante para el bienestar del recién nacido, este estudio sugiere que el impacto de la alimentación en el proceso es mayor, por lo que dirigir estrategias de adecuada alimentación en la gestación es primordial

Satisfaction with remote teaching during the first semester of the COVID-19 crisis: Psychometric properties of a scale for health students.

IntroductionDue to the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, 220 million college students in the world had to halt face-to-face teaching and migrate to what has been called Emergency Remote Teaching, using virtual media, but without adequate preparation. The way this has impacted the student body and its satisfaction with the training process is unknown and there are no instruments backed by specific validity and reliability studies for this teaching context. This is why this study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Remote Teaching Satisfaction Scale applied to Chilean health sciences students.MethodQuantitative study by means of surveys. We surveyed 1,006 health careers undergraduates chosen by convenience sampling. They came from six Chilean universities, located over a distance of 3,020 kilometers and followed 7 different careers. Women comprised the 78.53%. They answered the Remote Teaching Satisfaction Scale online to evaluate their perception of the first Emergency Remote Teaching term in 2020.ResultsA descriptive analysis of the items showed a moderate to positive evaluation of the teaching. The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis showed an adequate adjustment of the theoretical four factors model to the data obtained (CFI = 0.959; TLI = 0.953; RMSEA = 0.040). Correlations among factors oscillated from r = 0.21 to r = 0.69. The measurement invariance analysis supported the Configural, Metric and a partial Scalar model. Differences were found in three of the four factors when comparing the first-year students with those of later years. Finally, the Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω coefficients were over 0.70.DiscussionThe results display initial psychometric evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the Remote Teaching Satisfaction Scale to assess academic satisfaction in Chilean health careers students. Likewise, it is seen that first-year students show higher satisfaction levels about the implemented teaching

Well-being variations on students of health sciences related to their learning opportunities, resources, and daily activities in an online and on-crisis context: a survey-based study

Abstract Background Universities’ training process intensely relies on face-to-face education. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted it and forced them to reinvent their process online. But this crisis seems not to be the last we will face, and we take it as a lesson to prepare for future crises. These critical contexts are especially challenging because they imply changing teaching strategies, and students may not have the technology access or the living conditions to connect as they need. They also lived through a pandemic where the virus and the life changes added stress to their learning process and threatened their well-being. So, this study aims to analyze how well-being variations reported by Health sciences students relate to their learning opportunities, access conditions, and daily activities. Method We surveyed 910 Health sciences students from six different Chilean universities at the end of the first semester of 2020, the first in pandemic conditions. Respondents answered online questionnaires about 1) Remote teaching activities, 2) Learning resources availability, 3) Daily life activities, and 4) Well-being changes. We performed descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modelling. Results Live videoconference classes were the most frequent teaching activity; only a third of the students had quiet spaces to study online, and most had to housekeep daily. More than two third reported some well-being deterioration. The structural equation model showed a good fit. Conclusion Results show an online learning scenario that tries to emulate traditional learning focusing on expositive strategies. Most students reported that their well-being deteriorated during the semester, but tutorials, workplace availability, and social support were protective factors

Cuestionamientos al modelo extractivista neoliberal desde el Sur

Este libro se enmarca en la voluntad de alimentar un diálogo inter-disciplinar entre múltiples esferas sociales, culturales y territoriales en relation al extractivismo, su estudio y vivencia. El libro se constituye en un instrumento que expresa un entrelazamiento entre actores, redes y realidades territoriales que dan forma a la riqueza y a la diversidad de los territorios amenazados actualmente por el extractivismo. Permitiendo una réflexión sobre el présente y el futuro del modelo de desarrollo actual, la présente publicación integra diverso