Estimate of Nucleotide Diversity per Base Pair and Test of Neutral for Nam1 gene.

<p>Estimate of Nucleotide Diversity per Base Pair and Test of Neutral for Nam1 gene.</p

Circle polygenetic showed the phylogenetic relationships among 45 wild barley of Southwest Asia, 18 wild barley of Central Asia, 20 wild barley of Tibet (★ ) and 20 cultivated barley from China () of <i>Nam-1</i> gene (A) and <i>HTL</i> gene (B).

<p>Circle polygenetic showed the phylogenetic relationships among 45 wild barley of Southwest Asia, 18 wild barley of Central Asia, 20 wild barley of Tibet (★ ) and 20 cultivated barley from China () of <i>Nam-1</i> gene (A) and <i>HTL</i> gene (B).</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Detection of QTLs for seedling characteristics in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under hydroponic culture condition

Frequency distribution of 21 seedling characteristics in DH population. P value of Shapiro-Wilk test for each stage was shown, the hypothesis of normal distribution was accepted when P > 0.05 (significant at P = 0.05), and the trend lines of the accepted normal distribution were shown. Trait abbreviations refer to the Table 6. S1 to S4 represented the 13th, 20th, 27th and 34th day after germination, respectively. (JPEG 5396 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Detection of QTLs for seedling characteristics in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under hydroponic culture condition

QTL likelihood map for 17 seedling characteristics in the DH population grown under hydroponic culture conditions using inclusive composite interval mapping. Genetic maps (all chromosomes together) of barley linkage groups were shown in the abscissa and LOD scores of each trait in the ordinate. The significant LOD threshold was determined to be 3.0 by 1000 permutations test. Trait abbreviations refer to the Table 6. S1 to S4 represented the 13th, 20th, 27th and 34th day after germination, respectively. (JPEG 4454 kb

DataSheet_1_Detection of consensus genomic regions and candidate genes for quality traits in barley using QTL meta-analysis.docx

Improving barley grain quality is a major goal in barley breeding. In this study, a total of 35 papers focusing on quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping for barley quality traits published since 2000 were collected. Among the 454 QTLs identified in these studies, 349 of them were mapped onto high-density consensus maps, which were used for QTL meta-analysis. Through QTL meta-analysis, the initial QTLs were integrated into 41 meta-QTLs (MQTLs) with an average confidence interval (CI) of 1. 66 cM, which is 88.9% narrower than that of the initial QTLs. Among the 41 identified MQTLs, 25 were subsequently validated in publications using genome-wide association study (GWAS). From these 25 validated MQTLs, ten breeder’s MQTLs were selected. Synteny analysis comparing barley and wheat MQTLs revealed orthologous relationships between eight breeder’s MQTLs and 45 wheat MQTLs. Additionally, 17 barley homologs associated with rice quality traits were identified within the regions of the breeder’s MQTLs through comparative analysis. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for molecular marker-assisted breeding and the identification of candidate genes related to quality traits in barley.</p

Table_1_Detection of consensus genomic regions and candidate genes for quality traits in barley using QTL meta-analysis.xlsx

Improving barley grain quality is a major goal in barley breeding. In this study, a total of 35 papers focusing on quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping for barley quality traits published since 2000 were collected. Among the 454 QTLs identified in these studies, 349 of them were mapped onto high-density consensus maps, which were used for QTL meta-analysis. Through QTL meta-analysis, the initial QTLs were integrated into 41 meta-QTLs (MQTLs) with an average confidence interval (CI) of 1. 66 cM, which is 88.9% narrower than that of the initial QTLs. Among the 41 identified MQTLs, 25 were subsequently validated in publications using genome-wide association study (GWAS). From these 25 validated MQTLs, ten breeder’s MQTLs were selected. Synteny analysis comparing barley and wheat MQTLs revealed orthologous relationships between eight breeder’s MQTLs and 45 wheat MQTLs. Additionally, 17 barley homologs associated with rice quality traits were identified within the regions of the breeder’s MQTLs through comparative analysis. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for molecular marker-assisted breeding and the identification of candidate genes related to quality traits in barley.</p

Additional file 5: Table S5: of QTL underlying some agronomic traits in barley detected by SNP markers

Putative QTLs for 10 agronomic traits through multiple environments QTL mapping. (XLSX 25 kb

Additional file 3: Table S3: of QTL underlying some agronomic traits in barley detected by SNP markers

Genome mapping of SNP sequence markers on Hordeum gene index in the NCBI. (XLSX 37 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2: of QTL underlying some agronomic traits in barley detected by SNP markers

Correlation coefficients among the 10 observed agronomic traits. (XLSX 9 kb