Why People Search for Images using Web Search Engines

What are the intents or goals behind human interactions with image search engines? Knowing why people search for images is of major concern to Web image search engines because user satisfaction may vary as intent varies. Previous analyses of image search behavior have mostly been query-based, focusing on what images people search for, rather than intent-based, that is, why people search for images. To date, there is no thorough investigation of how different image search intents affect users' search behavior. In this paper, we address the following questions: (1)Why do people search for images in text-based Web image search systems? (2)How does image search behavior change with user intent? (3)Can we predict user intent effectively from interactions during the early stages of a search session? To this end, we conduct both a lab-based user study and a commercial search log analysis. We show that user intents in image search can be grouped into three classes: Explore/Learn, Entertain, and Locate/Acquire. Our lab-based user study reveals different user behavior patterns under these three intents, such as first click time, query reformulation, dwell time and mouse movement on the result page. Based on user interaction features during the early stages of an image search session, that is, before mouse scroll, we develop an intent classifier that is able to achieve promising results for classifying intents into our three intent classes. Given that all features can be obtained online and unobtrusively, the predicted intents can provide guidance for choosing ranking methods immediately after scrolling

Role of microphysical parameterizations with droplet relative dispersion in IAP AGCM 4.1

Previous studies have shown that accurate descriptions of the cloud droplet effective radius (R (e)) and the autoconversion process of cloud droplets to raindrops (A (r)) can effectively improve simulated clouds and surface precipitation, and reduce the uncertainty of aerosol indirect effects in GCMs. In this paper, we implement cloud microphysical schemes including two-moment A (r) and R (e) considering relative dispersion of the cloud droplet size distribution into version 4.1 of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics's atmospheric GCM (IAP AGCM 4.1), which is the atmospheric component of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Earth System Model. Analysis of the effects of different schemes shows that the newly implemented schemes can improve both the simulated shortwave and longwave cloud radiative forcings, as compared to the standard scheme, in IAP AGCM 4.1. The new schemes also effectively enhance the large-scale precipitation, especially over low latitudes, although the influences of total precipitation are insignificant for different schemes. Further studies show that similar results can be found with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.1

Investigation of a Side-polished Fiber MZI and Its Sensing Performance

A novel all-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), which consists of lateral core fusion splicing of a short section of side-polished single mode fiber (SMF) between two SMFs was proposed and demonstrated. A simple fiber side-polished platform was built to control the side polished depth through a microscope. The sensitivity of the fiber MZI structure to the surrounding refractive index (RI) can be greatly improved with the increase of the side-polished depth, but has no effect on the temperature sensitivity. The sensor with a polished depth of 44.2 μm measured RI sensitivity up to -118.0 nm/RIU (RI unit) in the RI range from 1.333 to 1.387, which agrees well with simulation results by using the beam propagation method (BPM). In addition, the fiber MZI structure also can achieve simultaneous measurement of both RI and temperature. These results show its potential for use in-line fiber type sensing application

Influence of installation deviation on dynamic performance of synchronous magnetic coupling

To improve dynamic characteristics of synchronous magnetic coupling, this paper mainly analyzed the influence of the installation deviation on the synchronous magnetic coupling’s dynamic performance used in the horizontal axis wave energy power generation device. Dynamic characteristics equations based on Lagrange equation are built in the paper to analyze the dynamic characteristic of synchronous magnetic coupling. The radial deviation, the angle deviation and the center-of-mass deviation are considered in the equation. The influence of those installation deviations on the synchronous magnetic coupling performance is analyzed based on the mathematical model. The results show that the rise time, the overshoot, the peak time, the adjusting time and the oscillation of the synchronous magnetic coupling are almost not affected by those installation deviations