Multipathogen infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To explore the epidemiologic and clinical features of, and interactions among, multipathogen infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). A prospective study of children admitted with ARTI was conducted. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence to detect respiratory agents including respiratory syncytial virus; adenovirus; influenza virus (Flu) types A and B; parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1, 2, and 3; chlamydia pneumonia; and mycoplasma pneumonia. A medical history of each child was taken.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Respiratory agents were detected in 164 (51.9%) of 316 children with ARTI. A single agent was identified in 50 (15.8%) children, and multiple agents in 114 (36.1%). Flu A was the most frequently detected agent, followed by Flu B. Coinfection occurred predominantly in August and was more frequent in children between 3 and 6 years of age. A significantly higher proportion of Flu A, Flu B, and PIV 1 was detected in samples with two or more pathogens per sample than in samples with a single pathogen.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study suggests that there is a high occurrence of multipathogen infections in children admitted with ARTI and that coinfection is associated with certain pathogens.</p

Expression of angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 correlates with lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis and affects survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Both Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 are major regulators of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, respectively, and thus may affect prognosis of OSCC. We sought to determine the associations between Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 expression and survival of OSCC. METHODS: Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 expression was determined immunohistochemically in tumor tissues from 112 patients with OSCC; OSCC-adjacent noncancerous oral tissue from 85 OSCC patients; and normal oral mucosa from 37 cancer-free individuals. A log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare survival among different groups with expression of Ang-2 and VEGFR-3. RESULTS: Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 expression was upregulated in OSCC compared to nontumor tissue (all P<0.05). High Ang-2 expression positively correlated with microvessel density (MVD) (P<0.01), and high VEGFR-3 expression positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.01) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) (P<0.01). The patients with high expression of Ang-2 alone or in combination with VEGFR-3 had a significantly worse survival than in patients with low expression of Ang-2 or any other co-expression status (all P<0.05), respectively. Furthermore, multivariable analysis showed that patients with high expression of Ang-2 alone or in combination with VEGFR-3 had a significantly increased risk of death compared with those with low expression of Ang-2 or any other co-expression status (HR, 2.7, 95% CI, 1.1-6.2 and 5.0, 1.3-15.4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that increased expression in tumors of Ang-2 may individually, or in combination with VEGFR-3, predict poor prognosis of OSCC

Insufficient recovery of proprioception in chronic ankle instability after surgical restabilization: A systematic review

Surgical repair or reconstruction of the lateral ligaments for patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) could, logically, restore the proprioception of ankle through retensing receptors. To validate this hypothesis, seven databases were systematically searched, and thirteen studies comprising a total of 347 patients with CAI were included. Although five studies reported improved proprioceptive outcomes after surgeries, the other five studies with between-limb/group comparisons reported residual deficits at final follow-up, which does not consistently support proprioceptive recovery after existing surgical restabilization for CAI. More controlled studies are needed to provide evidence-based protocols to improve proprioceptive recovery after ankle restabilization for CAI

Univariate and multivariable analysis on association of Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 expression with survival of OSCC patients.

<p>*Adjusted for age, gender, tumor differentiation, TNM stage, postoperative treatment, smoking and alcohol use, and Lymph node metastasis.</p

Immunohistochemical expression of Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 in OSCC (streptavidin/avidin-biotin complex ×400) (A) and CD34 (scarlet; blood vessels) and D2-40 (purple-black; lymphatic vessels) in OSCC and normal oral mucosa (streptavidin/avidin-biotin comple double-labeling ×400) (B).

<p>Immunohistochemical expression of Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 in OSCC (streptavidin/avidin-biotin complex ×400) (A) and CD34 (scarlet; blood vessels) and D2-40 (purple-black; lymphatic vessels) in OSCC and normal oral mucosa (streptavidin/avidin-biotin comple double-labeling ×400) (B).</p

Kaplan-Meier survival for OSCC patients by combined Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 status.

<p>Kaplan-Meier survival for OSCC patients by combined Ang-2 and VEGFR-3 status.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival for OSCC patients by Ang-2 (A) and VEGFR-3 (B) status.

<p>Kaplan-Meier survival for OSCC patients by Ang-2 (A) and VEGFR-3 (B) status.</p