Defect Analysis in Microgroove Machining of Nickel-Phosphide Plating by Small Cross-Angle Microgrooving

Crystalline nickel-phosphide (c-Ni-P) plating is a newly developed mold material for precision glass molding (PGM) to fabricate microgrooves. In the ultraprecision cutting process of the c-Ni-P plating material, the neighboring microgrooves are required to adjoin with each other to ensure acute microgroove ridges and miniaturize the microgroove size. Generally, defects of burrs and fracture pits can easily occur on the ridges when the plating layer is grooved. Burrs appear when tears dominate in material removal with a large adjacent amount. With the change of the adjacent amount, the removed material is sheared out from the workpiece, and when the cutting depth of the groove ridge is over the brittle-ductile transition thickness, fracture pits arise. To restrict these defects, a small cross-angle microgrooving method is proposed to test the critical adjacent amount range efficiently. It is found that an acute ridge of the microgroove is formed with a small enough adjacent amount; when this amount is in the range of 570 nm~720 nm in the microgroove machining process, fracture pits begin to arise on the gradient edge. High-quality microgrooves can be obtained based on this methodology

Convergence of resistance and evolutionary responses in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica co-inhabiting chicken farms in China

Sharing of genetic elements among different pathogens and commensals inhabiting same hosts and environments has significant implications for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially in settings with high antimicrobial exposure. We analysed 661 Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates collected within and across hosts and environments, in 10 Chinese chicken farms over 2.5 years using novel data-mining methods. Most isolates within same hosts possessed same clinically relevant AMR-carrying mobile genetic elements (plasmids: 70.6%, transposons: 78%), which also showed recent common evolution. Machine learning revealed known and novel AMR-associated mutations and genes underlying resistance to 28 antimicrobials and primarily associated with resistance in E. coli and susceptibility in S. enterica. Many were essential and affected same metabolic processes in both species, albeit with varying degrees of phylogenetic penetration. Multi-modal strategies are crucial to investigate the interplay of mobilome, resistance and metabolism in cohabiting bacteria, especially in ecological settings where community-driven resistance selection occurs

The unique association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and blood lipid profiles in agriculture, forestry, and fishing occupations: Insights from NHANES 2001-2014.

BackgroundThe relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels and hyperlipidemia has not been explored in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF) occupation. We aimed to explore the impact of serum 25(OH)D levels on lipid profiles in AFF workers, traffic drivers, and miners.MethodsData from 3937 adults aged 18-65 years old with completed information were obtained from the National Health and Examination Survey from 2001 to 2014. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio. Subgroup analyses for AFF workers considered age, sex, BMI, work activity, months worked, and alcohol consumption. Non-linear relationships were explored using curve fitting.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D levels differed between groups (AFF: 60.0 ± 21.3 nmol/L, drivers: 56.6 ± 22.2 nmol/L, miners: 62.8 ± 22.3 nmol/L). Subgroup analysis of the AFF group showed that participants with serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L, females, and BMI ConclusionsSerum 25(OH)D levels are associated with lipid profiles, and the relationship varies among occupational groups. AFF workers, facing unique occupational challenges, may benefit from maintaining adequate serum 25(OH)D levels to mitigate adverse lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular risk

The associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and triglycerides, total cholesterol.

(a, c) Each black point represents a sample and the red line represents the general trend of these samples. (b, d) Associations of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with triglycerides, total cholesterol stratified by occupations. Sex, age, each particular race, BMI, smoking, heavy alcohol, diabetes, hypertension, vigorous physical activity, education level, and marital status were adjusted.</p

The associations of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with lipid profiles in three occupations.

The associations of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with lipid profiles in three occupations.</p

The associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and LDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL-C/LDL-C.

(a, c, e) Each black point represents a sample and the red line represents the general trend of these samples. (b, d, f) Associations of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and HDL-C/LDL/C stratified by occupations. Sex, age, each particular race, BMI, smoking, heavy alcohol, diabetes, hypertension, vigorous physical activity, education level, and marital status were adjusted.</p

The unique association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and blood lipid profiles in agriculture, forestry, and fishing occupations insights from NHANES 2001-2014:Dataset

The study concludes that serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with lipid profiles and that this relationship varies among different occupational groups. Specifically, AFF workers may benefit from maintaining adequate serum 25(OH)D levels to mitigate adverse lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular risk. This research provides insights into the unique occupational challenges faced by individuals in AFF occupations and the potential impact on their health, particularly in relation to vitamin D and lipid metabolism.</p

Contains S1-S4 Tables and S1-S3 Figs.

BackgroundThe relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels and hyperlipidemia has not been explored in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF) occupation. We aimed to explore the impact of serum 25(OH)D levels on lipid profiles in AFF workers, traffic drivers, and miners.MethodsData from 3937 adults aged 18–65 years old with completed information were obtained from the National Health and Examination Survey from 2001 to 2014. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio. Subgroup analyses for AFF workers considered age, sex, BMI, work activity, months worked, and alcohol consumption. Non-linear relationships were explored using curve fitting.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D levels differed between groups (AFF: 60.0 ± 21.3 nmol/L, drivers: 56.6 ± 22.2 nmol/L, miners: 62.8 ± 22.3 nmol/L). Subgroup analysis of the AFF group showed that participants with serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L, females, and BMI 2 demonstrated improved HDL-C levels correlating with higher serum 25(OH)D. Serum 25(OH)D in AFF workers had a reversed U-shaped relationship with TG and TC, and a U-shaped relationship with HDL-C, with HDL-C, with inflection points at 49.5 nmol/L for TG and TC, and 32.6 nmol/L for HDL-C.ConclusionsSerum 25(OH)D levels are associated with lipid profiles, and the relationship varies among occupational groups. AFF workers, facing unique occupational challenges, may benefit from maintaining adequate serum 25(OH)D levels to mitigate adverse lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular risk.</div

Threshold effect analysis of serum 25(OH)D concentrations on lipid profiles.

Threshold effect analysis of serum 25(OH)D concentrations on lipid profiles.</p

Baseline characteristics of 3937 participants according to occupation.

Baseline characteristics of 3937 participants according to occupation.</p