Defect Analysis in Microgroove Machining of Nickel-Phosphide Plating by Small Cross-Angle Microgrooving

Crystalline nickel-phosphide (c-Ni-P) plating is a newly developed mold material for precision glass molding (PGM) to fabricate microgrooves. In the ultraprecision cutting process of the c-Ni-P plating material, the neighboring microgrooves are required to adjoin with each other to ensure acute microgroove ridges and miniaturize the microgroove size. Generally, defects of burrs and fracture pits can easily occur on the ridges when the plating layer is grooved. Burrs appear when tears dominate in material removal with a large adjacent amount. With the change of the adjacent amount, the removed material is sheared out from the workpiece, and when the cutting depth of the groove ridge is over the brittle-ductile transition thickness, fracture pits arise. To restrict these defects, a small cross-angle microgrooving method is proposed to test the critical adjacent amount range efficiently. It is found that an acute ridge of the microgroove is formed with a small enough adjacent amount; when this amount is in the range of 570 nm~720 nm in the microgroove machining process, fracture pits begin to arise on the gradient edge. High-quality microgrooves can be obtained based on this methodology

Convergence of resistance and evolutionary responses in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica co-inhabiting chicken farms in China

Sharing of genetic elements among different pathogens and commensals inhabiting same hosts and environments has significant implications for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially in settings with high antimicrobial exposure. We analysed 661 Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates collected within and across hosts and environments, in 10 Chinese chicken farms over 2.5 years using novel data-mining methods. Most isolates within same hosts possessed same clinically relevant AMR-carrying mobile genetic elements (plasmids: 70.6%, transposons: 78%), which also showed recent common evolution. Machine learning revealed known and novel AMR-associated mutations and genes underlying resistance to 28 antimicrobials and primarily associated with resistance in E. coli and susceptibility in S. enterica. Many were essential and affected same metabolic processes in both species, albeit with varying degrees of phylogenetic penetration. Multi-modal strategies are crucial to investigate the interplay of mobilome, resistance and metabolism in cohabiting bacteria, especially in ecological settings where community-driven resistance selection occurs

The unique association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and blood lipid profiles in agriculture, forestry, and fishing occupations: Insights from NHANES 2001-2014.

BackgroundThe relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels and hyperlipidemia has not been explored in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF) occupation. We aimed to explore the impact of serum 25(OH)D levels on lipid profiles in AFF workers, traffic drivers, and miners.MethodsData from 3937 adults aged 18-65 years old with completed information were obtained from the National Health and Examination Survey from 2001 to 2014. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio. Subgroup analyses for AFF workers considered age, sex, BMI, work activity, months worked, and alcohol consumption. Non-linear relationships were explored using curve fitting.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D levels differed between groups (AFF: 60.0 ± 21.3 nmol/L, drivers: 56.6 ± 22.2 nmol/L, miners: 62.8 ± 22.3 nmol/L). Subgroup analysis of the AFF group showed that participants with serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L, females, and BMI ConclusionsSerum 25(OH)D levels are associated with lipid profiles, and the relationship varies among occupational groups. AFF workers, facing unique occupational challenges, may benefit from maintaining adequate serum 25(OH)D levels to mitigate adverse lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular risk

The unique association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and blood lipid profiles in agriculture, forestry, and fishing occupations insights from NHANES 2001-2014:Dataset

The study concludes that serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with lipid profiles and that this relationship varies among different occupational groups. Specifically, AFF workers may benefit from maintaining adequate serum 25(OH)D levels to mitigate adverse lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular risk. This research provides insights into the unique occupational challenges faced by individuals in AFF occupations and the potential impact on their health, particularly in relation to vitamin D and lipid metabolism.</p

Social Information Filtering Based Electricity Retail Plan Recommender System for Smart Grid End Users

Rapid growth of data in smart grids provides great potentials for the utility to discover knowledge of demand side and design proper Demand Side Management (DSM) schemes to optimize the grid operation. The overloaded data also impose challenges on the data analytics and decision making. This paper introduces the service computing technique into the smart grid, and propose a personalized electricity retail plan recommender system for residential users. The proposed personalized recommender sys-tem (PRS) is based on the collaborative filtering (CF) technique. The energy consumption data of users are firstly collected from the smart meter, and then key energy consumption features of the users are extracted and stored into a user knowledge database (UKD), together with the information of their chosen electricity retail plans. For a target user, the recommender system analyzes his/her energy consumption pattern, find users having similar energy consumption patterns with him/her from the UKD, and then recommend most suitable pricing plan to the target user. Experiments are conducted based on actual smart meter data and retail plan data to verify the effectiveness of the proposed PRS.Australian Research Counci

Service Recommendation in Smart Grid: Vision, Technologies, and Applications

Driven by the energy crisis and global warming problem, smart grid was proposed in the early 21th century as a solution for the sustainable development of human society. With the two-way communication infrastructure available in smart grids, a current challenge is to interpret and gain knowledge from the collected grid big data to optimize grid operations. Service recommendation techniques provide promising tools to discover knowledge from the grid data, and recommend energy-aware products/services/suggestions to the smart grid participators. This paper is among the first to investigate the prospective of introducing service recommendation techniques into the smart grid demand side management (DSM). In the first part of the paper, the backgrounds of smart grid DSM and service recommendation techniques are reviewed, followed by the presentation and discussion of key technologies that can facilitate the development of smart grid recommender systems. An outline on potential application scenarios of smart grid recommender systems as well as future challenges are also provided.Australian Research Counci

Effect of Thinning on the Spatial Structure of a <i>Larix gmelinii</i> Rupr. Secondary Forest in the Greater Khingan Mountains

Thinning is an important way to adjust and optimize the spatial structure of forests. The study of its impacts support a better understanding of the succession process of secondary forests after interference. To study the changes in forest spatial structure under different thinning intensities and stand densities, we considered five thinning intensities including unthinned (0%), low (3.4%, 6.2%, 12.5%), medium (16.8%, 20.9%, 25.5%), high (34.4%, 40.0%, 47.9%), and extra-high (50.6%, 59.9%, 67.3%) intensity. In addition, three different stand densities for each degree of thinning intensity. The results showed that the most horizontal distribution patterns after thinning were uniform distribution and near-uniform random distribution. Most of the trees were not mixed while several were mixed to an above medium degree. The effect on dominance of thinning was not significant and the overall plots were in the middle level. The tree density was in the sparse status. Competitive pressure on the reference tree was reduced. Thinning intensity and stand density affected stand spatial structure to different degrees. There were no obvious pattern under different thinning intensities and it was optimal at approximately 1600 trees/ha. As thinning intensity increased, the impact tended to decrease first and then increase under certain stand density. The improvement was greatest when thinning intensity was low. By analyzing the stand&#8217;s spatial structure after thinning, the unreasonableness of the stand&#8217;s spatial structure can be found, which provides the basis for optimizing management measures. We used the AHP-entropy to weigh the importance of each spatial structure parameter and we proposed a comprehensive distance evaluation index based on the optimal value obtained in order to perform a comprehensive evaluation of a forest&#8217;s spatial structure

Effects of seasonal changes on the carbon dynamics in mixed coniferous forests.

We investigated the residual rate and mass loss rate of litter, as well as the carbon release dynamics of litter and soil across seasons, to better understand the effects of seasonal fluctuations on carbon dynamics in mixed coniferous forests. The study was carried out in natural mixed coniferous forests in the Xiaoxinganling region of Heilongjiang Province, China, and the number of temperature cycles in the unfrozen season, freeze-thaw season, frozen season, and thaw season was controlled. The goal of the study was to examine how the carbon release dynamics of litter and soil respond to the freeze-thaw process and whether there are differences in carbon release dynamics under different seasons. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the residual mass rate and mass loss rate of litter, litter organic carbon and soil organic carbon during the unfrozen season, freeze-thaw season, frozen season, and thaw season. Litter decomposition was highest in the unfrozen season (15.9%~20.3%), and litter and soil carbon were sequestered throughout this process. Temperature swings above and below 0°C during the freeze-thaw season cause the litter to physically fragment and hasten its decomposition. Decomposition of litter was still feasible during the frozen season, and it was at its lowest during the thaw season (7.2%~7.8%), when its organic carbon was transported to the soil. Carbon migrates from undecomposed litter to semi-decomposed litter and then to soil. The carbon in the environment is fixed in the litter (11.3%~18.2%) and soil (34.4%~36.7%) in the unfrozen season, the carbon-fixing ability of the undecomposed litter in the freeze-thaw season is better, and the carbon in the semi-decomposed litter is mostly transferred to the soil; the carbon-fixing ability of the litter in the frozen season is worse (-3.9%~ -4.3%), and the organic carbon in the litter is gradually transferred to the soil. The carbon-fixing ability of the undecomposed litter in the thaw season is stronger, and the organic carbon in the semi-decomposed litter is mostly transferred to the soil. Both litter and soil can store carbon; however, from the unfrozen season until the thaw season, carbon is transported from undecomposed litter to semi-decomposed litter and to the soil over time