Anti-embolism devices therapy to improve the ICU mortality rate of patients with acute myocardial infarction and type II diabetes mellitus

BackgroundAnti-Embolism (AE) devices therapy is an additional antithrombotic treatment that is effective in many venous diseases, but the correlations between this medical compression therapy and cardiovascular arterial disease or comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) are still controversial. In this study we investigated the association between compression therapy and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in patients with a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis complicated with type II DM.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed all patients with AMI and type II DM in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database. We extracted the demographics, vital signs, laboratory test results, comorbidities, and scoring system results of patients from the first 24 h after ICU admission. The outcomes of this study were 28-day mortality and ICU mortality. Analyses included Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional-hazards regression, and subgroup analysis.ResultsThe study included 985 eligible patients with AMI and type II DM, of who 293 and 692 were enrolled into the no-AE device therapy and AE device therapy groups, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, compared with no-AE device therapy, AE device therapy was a significant predictor of 28-day mortality (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.24–0.96, P = 0.039) and ICU mortality (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.27–0.90, P = 0.021). In addition to age, gender and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, there were no significant interactions of AE device therapy and other related risk factors with ICU mortality and 28-day mortality in the subgroup analysis.ConclusionsSimple-AE-device therapy was associated with reduced risks of ICU mortality and 28-day mortality, as well as an improvement in the benefit on in-hospital survival in patients with AMI complicated with type II DM

Associations of air pollution with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia: a prospective cohort study based on 437,932 participants from the UK biobank

ObjectiveTo prospectively assess whether air pollution, including PM2.5, PM10, and NOx, is associated with the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia, and to investigate the potential relationship between air pollution and genetic susceptibility in the development of AD.Methods and resultsOur study included 437,932 participants from the UK Biobank with a median follow-up period of over 10 years. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we found that participants exposed to PM2.5 levels of ≥10 μg/m3 had a higher risk of developing all-cause dementia (HR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.05–1.28; p < 0.05) compared to the group exposed to PM2.5 levels of <10 μg/m3. However, there was no significant association between PM10 levels of ≥15 μg/m3 and the risk of all-cause dementia, AD, or vascular dementia when compared to the group exposed to PM10 levels of <15 μg/m3. On the other hand, participants exposed to NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 had a significantly higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02–1.26; p < 0.05) and AD (HR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08–1.48; p < 0.05) compared to the group exposed to NOx levels of <50 μg/m3. Furthermore, we examined the combined effect of air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, and NOx) and Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk score (AD-GRS) on the development of AD using a Cox proportional hazards model. Among participants with a high AD-GRS, those exposed to NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 had a significantly higher risk of AD compared to those in the group exposed to NOx levels of <50 μg/m3 (HR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.03–1.18; p < 0.05). Regardless of air pollutant levels (PM2.5, PM10, or NOx), participants with a high AD-GRS had a significantly increased risk of developing AD. Similar results were obtained when assessing multiple variables using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).ConclusionOur findings indicate that individuals living in areas with PM2.5 levels of ≥10 μg/m3 or NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 are at a higher risk of developing all-cause dementia. Moreover, individuals with a high AD-GRS demonstrated an increased risk of developing AD, particularly in the presence of NOx ≥ 50 μg/m3

Apolygus lucorum genome provides insights into omnivorousness and mesophyll feeding.

peer reviewedApolygus lucorum (Miridae) is an omnivorous pest that occurs worldwide and is notorious for the serious damage it causes to various crops and substantial economic losses. Although some studies have examined the biological characteristics of the mirid bug, no reference genome is available in Miridae, limiting in-depth studies of this pest. Here, we present a chromosome-scale reference genome of A. lucorum, the first sequenced Miridae species. The assembled genome size was 1.02 Gb with a contig N50 of 785 kb. With Hi-C scaffolding, 1,016 Mb contig sequences were clustered, ordered and assembled into 17 large scaffolds with scaffold N50 length 68 Mb, each corresponding to a natural chromosome. Numerous transposable elements occur in this genome and contribute to the large genome size. Expansions of genes associated with omnivorousness and mesophyll feeding such as those related to digestion, chemosensory perception, and detoxification were observed in A. lucorum, suggesting that gene expansion contributed to its strong environmental adaptability and severe harm to crops. We clarified that a salivary enzyme polygalacturonase is unique in mirid bugs and has significantly expanded in A. lucorum, which may contribute to leaf damage from this pest. The reference genome of A. lucorum not only facilitates biological studies of Hemiptera as well as an understanding of the damage mechanism of mesophyll feeding, but also provides a basis on which to develop efficient control technologies for mirid bugs

Does ICU admission dysphagia independently contribute to delirium risk in ischemic stroke patients? Results from a cohort study

Abstract Background Delirium is prevalent in ischemic stroke patients, particularly those in the intensive care unit (ICU), and it poses a significant burden on patients and caregivers, leading to increased mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, and impaired cognitive function. Dysphagia, a common symptom in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke, further complicates their condition. However, the association between dysphagia and delirium in this context remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between dysphagia and delirium in ICU patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke at a medical center in Boston. Ischemic stroke cases were identified using the ninth and tenth revisions of the International Classification of Diseases. Dysphagia was defined as a positive bedside swallowing screen performed by medical staff on the day of ICU admission, while delirium was assessed using the ICU Confusion Assessment Method and review of nursing notes. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association between dysphagia and delirium. Causal mediation analysis was employed to identify potential mediating variables. Results The study comprised 1838 participants, with a median age of approximately 70 years, and 50.5% were female. Among the total study population, the prevalence of delirium was 43.4%, with a higher prevalence observed in the dysphagia group (60.7% vs. 40.8%, p < 0.001) compared to the non-dysphagia group. After adjusting for confounding factors including age, sex, race, dementia, depression, sedative medications, history of falls, visual or hearing deficit, sequential organ failure score, and Glasgow coma score, multifactorial logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between dysphagia and an increased likelihood of delirium (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–2.05; p = 0.018; E-value = 1.73). Causal mediation analysis revealed that serum albumin levels partially mediated the association between dysphagia and delirium in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke (average causal mediated effect [ACME]: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.03; p < 0.001). Conclusion ICU admission dysphagia may independently contribute to the risk of delirium in patients with ischemic stroke. Early identification and intervention in ischemic stroke patients with dysphagia may help mitigate the risk of delirium and improve patient prognosis

Triglyceride-glucose index as a valuable predictor for aged 65-years and above in critical delirium patients: evidence from a multi-center study

Abstract Background The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), an established indicator of insulin resistance, is closely correlated with the prognosis of several metabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the association between the TyG index and the incidence of critical delirium in patients aged 65 years and older. Methods We focused on evaluating patients aged 65 years and older diagnosed with critical delirium. Data were obtained from the Medical Information Database for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) and the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to determine the relationship between the TyG index and the risk of delirium. Results Participants aged 65 years and older were identified from the MIMIC-IV (n = 4,649) and eICU-CRD (n = 1,844) databases. Based on optimal thresholds derived from RCS regression, participants were divided into two cohorts: Q1 (< 8.912), Q2 (≥ 8.912). The logistic regression analysis showed a direct correlation between the TyG index and an increased risk of critical delirium among ICU patients aged 65 and older. These findings were validated in the eICU-CRD dataset, and sensitivity analysis further strengthened our conclusions. In addition, the subgroup analysis revealed certain differences. Conclusion This study highlights a clear, independent relationship between the TyG index and the risk of critical delirium in individuals aged 65 years and older, suggesting the importance of the TyG index as a reliable cardio-cerebrovascular metabolic marker for risk assessment and intervention

Associations of screen-based sedentary activities with all cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia: a longitudinal study based on 462,524 participants from the UK Biobank

Abstract Background Current drug treatments for dementia aren't effective. Studying gene-environment interactions can help develop personalized early intervention strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no studies have examined the relationship between screen-based sedentary activities and genetic susceptibility to AD risk, and further understanding of the causal relationship is also crucial. Methods This study included 462,524 participants from the UK Biobank with a follow-up of 13.6 years. Participants' screen-based sedentary activities time was categorized into three groups based on recorded time: ≥ 4 h/day, 2–3 h/day, and ≤ 1 h/day. Cox proportional risk models were used to analyze the association between computer use/TV viewing groups and the risk of all-cause dementia, AD and vascular dementia (VD). Generalized linear model (GLM) were used to examine the relationship between screen-based sedentary activities and brain structure. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to validate the causal relationship between TV viewing and AD. Results Compared to TV viewing ≤ 1 h/day, 1)TV viewing 2–3 h/day was correlated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.09, 95% CI:1.01–1.18, P < 0.05), and TV viewing ≥ 4 h/day was associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.19–1.40, P < 0.001), AD (HR = 1.25, 95% CI:1.1–1.42, P < 0.001), and VD (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04–1.49, P < 0.05); 2) TV viewing ≥ 4 h/day was correlated with a higher AD risk at intermediate (HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03–1.75, P < 0.001) and high AD genetic risk score (AD-GRS) (HR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.65–2.87, P < 0.001);3) TV viewing 2–3 h/day [β = (-94.8), 95% CI: (-37.9) -(-151.7), P < 0.01] and TV viewing ≥ 4 h/day [β = (-92.94), 95% CI: (-17.42) -(-168.46), P < 0.05] were correlated with a less hippocampus volume. In addition, a causal effect of TV viewing times was observed on AD analyzed using MR Egger (OR = 5.618, 95%CI:1.502–21.013, P < 0.05). Conclusions There was a causal effect between TV viewing time and AD analyzed using bidirectional MR, and more TV viewing time exposure was correlated with a higher AD risk. Therefore, it is recommended that people with intermediate and high AD-GRS should control their TV viewing time to be less than 4 h/ day or even less than 1 h/day

Odorant Receptors for Detecting Flowering Plant Cues Are Functionally Conserved across Moths and Butterflies

International audienceOdorant receptors (ORs) are essential for plant-insect interactions. However, despite the global impacts of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) as major herbivores and pollinators, little functional data are available about Lepidoptera ORs involved in plant-volatile detection. Here, we initially characterized the plant-volatile-sensing function(s) of 44 ORs from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, and subsequently conducted a large-scale comparative analysis that establishes how most orthologous ORs have functionally diverged among closely related species whereas some rare ORs are functionally conserved. Specifically, our systematic analysis of H. armigera ORs cataloged the wide functional scope of the H. armigera OR repertoire, and also showed that HarmOR42 and its Spodoptera littoralis ortholog are functionally conserved. Pursuing this, we characterized the HarmOR42-orthologous ORs from 11 species across the Glossata suborder and confirmed the HarmOR42 orthologs form a unique OR lineage that has undergone strong purifying selection in Glossata species and whose members are tuned with strong specificity to phenylacetaldehyde, a floral scent component common to most angiosperms. In vivo studies via HarmOR42 knockout support that HarmOR42-related ORs are essential for host-detection by sensing phenylacetaldehyde. Our work also supports that these ORs coevolved with the tube-like proboscis, and has maintained functional stability throughout the long-term coexistence of Lepidoptera with angiosperms. Thus, beyond providing a rich empirical resource for delineating the precise functions of H. armigera ORs, our results enable a comparative analysis of insect ORs that have apparently facilitated and currently sustain the intimate adaptations and ecological interactions among nectar feeding insects and flowering plants

Additional file 1 of Does ICU admission dysphagia independently contribute to delirium risk in ischemic stroke patients? Results from a cohort study

Supplementary Material 1: Supplementary tables and figure

Timeline and schedule for enrolment, allocation, and assessments.

MMSE, Mini-mental State Examination; BI, Barthel Indexl; mFI, modified frailty index; aCCI, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index; 3D-CAM, 3-Minute Diagnostic Confusion Assessment Method; CAM-ICU, confusion assessment model for intensive care unit.</p

Flow diagram of the study.

BackgroundTo Frailty is associated with postoperative delirium (POD) but is rarely assessed in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. In this study, the correlation between preoperative frailty and POD, one-year mortality will be investigated in noncardiac Chinese geriatric surgery patients.MethodsThis study is a prospective, observational, cohort study conducted at a single center with Chinese geriatric patients. Patients who undergo noncardiac surgery and are older than 70 years will be included. A total of 536 noncardiac surgery patients will be recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University for this study. The Barthel Index (BI) rating will be used to assess the patient’s ability to carry out everyday activities on the 1st preoperative day. The modified frailty index (mFI) will be used to assess frailty. Patients in the nonfrailty group will have an mFI DiscussionThis study will clarify the correlation of preoperative frailty with POD and one-year all-cause mortality in Chinese geriatric patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Can preoperative frailty predict POD or one-year mortality? In the face of China’s serious aging social problems, this result may have important clinical value for the surgical treatment of geriatric patients.Trial registrationThis protocol has been registered with ClinicalTrials. Gov on 12 January 2022 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05189678).</div