Ultrathin 2D Transition Metal Carbides for Ultrafast Pulsed Fiber Lasers

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and black phosphorus, have attracted intense interest for applications in ultrafast pulsed laser generation, owing to their strong light–matter interactions and large optical nonlinearities. However, due to the mismatch of the bandgap, many of these 2D materials are not suitable for applications at near-infrared (NIR) waveband. Here, we report nonlinear optical properties of 2D α-Mo₂C crystals and the usage of 2D α-Mo₂C as a new broadband saturable absorber for pulsed laser generation. It was found that 2D α-Mo₂C crystals have excellent saturable absorption properties in terms of largely tunable modulation depth and very low saturation intensity. In addition, ultrafast carrier dynamic results of 2D α-Mo₂C reveal an ultrashort intraband carrier recovery time of 0.48 ps at 1.55 μm. By incorporating 2D α-Mo₂C saturable absorber into either an Er-doped or Yb-doped fiber laser, we are able to generate ultrashort pulses with very stable operation at central wavelengths of 1602.6 and 1061.8 nm, respectively. Our experimental results demonstrate that 2D α-Mo₂C can be a promising broadband nonlinear optical media for ultrafast optical applications