A new polyoxygenated farnesylcyclohexenone from Fungus <i>Penicillium</i> sp.

<div><p>A new polyoxygenated farnesylcyclohexenone, peniginsengin A (<b>1</b>), was isolated from the fermentation of <i>Penicillium</i> sp. YIM PH30003, an endophytic fungus associated with <i>Panax notoginseng</i> (Burk.) F. H. Chen. The structure was assigned based on a combination of 1 D and 2 D NMR and mass spectral data. The cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of compound <b>1</b> were investigated.</p></div

Anti-phytopathogen, multi-target acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of metabolites from endophytic <i>Chaetomium globosum</i>

<p>Fourteen metabolites with various structure types were isolated from endophytic <i>Chaetomium globosum</i>. Five compounds were separated from genus <i>Chaetomium</i> for the first time. Some compounds exhibited remarkable inhibition against phytopathogenic fungi causing root rot of <i>Panax notoginseng.</i> Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>5</b> had significant DPPH-free radical-scavenging activity. Compounds <b>3</b> and <b>5</b> indicated significant inhibitions against the acetylcholinesterase (AChE). From preliminary structure–activity relationship, it was found that the oxygenic five-membered ring of <b>3</b> and <b>5</b> was crucial in the anti<b>-</b>AChE activity. These structures provide new templates for the potential treatment and management of plant diseases and Alzheimer disease.</p