Research on “Main Classroom+” Practice Teaching Model of Political Theory Courses

Essentially, the top priority of political theory teaching reform and innovation in military academies is to fully implement the military education strategies of the new era, and to focus on the fundamental task and core direction characterized by fostering virtue through education and training talents for warfare. In this regard, this paper explores the construction of the “main classroom+” practice teaching model of political theory course from four dimensions, encompassing “thematic practice”, “professional customization”, “comprehensive exercise”, and “practice expansion”, intending to provide feasible paths and methods for military academies to realize more effective integration of theory and practice of political theory teaching in the new era

Study on pathological and clinical characteristics of chronic HBV infected patients with HBsAg positive, HBV DNA negative, HBeAg negative

AimsStudy of clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA)-negative, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients based on liver histopathology.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled patients with chronic HBV infection diagnosis at Beijing Ditan Hospital from May 2008 to November 2020. To study the differences between patients with significant hepatic histopathology and those without significant hepatic histopathology. And to study the independent factors of significant hepatic histopathology.Results85 HBV DNA-negative and HBeAg-negative patients were 37.90 ± 10.30 years old, 23.50% of patients with grade of inflammation (G) >1, 35.30% of patients with liver fibrosis stage (S) >1, 44.70% patients were diagnosed with significant hepatic histopathology. Compared to the no significant hepatic histopathology group, another group had older age (41.70 ± 10.70 vs 34.80 ± 8.87 years, t=-3.28, P=0.002), higher total bilirubin (TBIL) [14.9(10.3, 22.4) vs 11(8.9, 14.4) μmol/L, z=-2.26, P=0.024], lower cholinesterase (CHE) (t=-2.86, P=0.005, 7388.00 ± 2156.00 vs 8988.00 ± 2823.00 U/L) and lower platelet (PLT) (t=2.75, P=0.007, 157.00 ± 61.40 vs 194.00 ± 61.00 10^9/L). Abnormal ALT patients are more likely to have significant hepatic histopathology (z=5.44, P=0.020, 66.70% vs 337.50%). G had significant correlation with CHE (P=0.008, r=-0.23), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P=0.041, r=0.18), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.001, r=0.29). S had significant correlation with TBIL (P = 0.008, r = 0.23), age (P < 0.001, r = 0.32), international normalized ratio (INR) (P = 0.04, r = 0.23), CHE (P < 0.001, r = -0.30), PLT (P < 0.001, r = -0.40) and prothrombin time activity (PTA) (P = 0.046, r = -0.22). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated only age (95%CI=1.014~1.130, OR=1.069, P=0.013) was an impact factor for significant hepatic histopathology. The cutoff point of age was 34.30 years.ConclusionsA large proportion of chronic HBV infection patients with HBeAg-negative and HBV DNA-negative still have chronic hepatitis. Age is an independent factor for significant hepatic histopatholog

Research on “Main Classroom+” Practice Teaching Model of Political Theory Courses

Essentially, the top priority of political theory teaching reform and innovation in military academies is to fully implement the military education strategies of the new era, and to focus on the fundamental task and core direction characterized by fostering virtue through education and training talents for warfare. In this regard, this paper explores the construction of the “main classroom+” practice teaching model of political theory course from four dimensions, encompassing “thematic practice”, “professional customization”, “comprehensive exercise”, and “practice expansion”, intending to provide feasible paths and methods for military academies to realize more effective integration of theory and practice of political theory teaching in the new era

Improvement of electrochemical activity of LiMnPO4-based cathode by surface iron enrichment

LiMnPO4 has attracted massive interests due to its appropriate redox potential and the success of its iron comparative in the lithium ion batteries. The bulk substitution has been widely used to address the poor electrochemical activity of LiMnPO4, which is much lower than that of LiFePO4. In this work, we compare the performance of the core-shell structure and the homogeneous substitution with the same Mn/Fe molar ratio of LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4. The core-shell phosphate material after carbon coating is composed of a core part of quasi-single LiMnPO4 phase, and a 3-4 nm' shell layer of quasi-single LiFePO4-phase, separated by the phase boundary with 1-2 nm thickness. It is interesting to reveal that the core-shell samples exhibit capacities of 156.4, 144.5, 128.2 mAh g(-1) under 0.1C, 1C and 5C respectively, which are 5-10% higher than that of the homogenous substituted LiMn(0.8)FecuPO(4) at the corresponding rates, while both of these samples present excellent cyclic stability, still retaining similar to 95% of the initial capacities after 1000 cycles under 1C discharging rate. Our results demonstrate that the main reason for LiMnPO4's poor electrochemical activity should be emphasized on the surface polarization, whereas the tardiness on bulk transportation is not as serious as it was presumed. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Functional Nucleic Acids-Engineered Bio-Barcode Nanoplatforms for Targeted Synergistic Therapy of Multidrug-Resistant Cancer

Rational design of multifunctional nanomedicines has revolutionized the therapeutic efficacy of cancers. Herein, we have constructed the functional nucleic acids (FNAs)-engineered nanoplatforms based on the concept of a bio-barcode (BBC) for synergistic targeted therapy of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer. In this study, the platinum(IV) prodrug is synthesized to covalently link two kinds of FNAs at a rational ratio to fabricate three-dimensional BBC-like DNA nanoscaffolds, accompanied by the one-pot encapsulation of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) through electrostatic interaction. The multivalent AS1411 aptamers equipped in ZnO@BBCs facilitate specific and efficient endocytosis into MDR human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549/DDP). In response to the intracellular environment of A549/DDP cells, such as the lysosome-acidic pH and overexpressed GSH, the ZnO NPs are degraded into Zn2+ ions for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the Pt(IV) prodrugs are reduced into Pt(II) active species by glutathione (GSH), followed by the release of therapeutic DNAzymes for chemotherapy and gene therapy. In particular, the designed system plays an important role in remodeling the intracellular environment to reverse cancer MDR. On the one hand, the depletion of GSH promotes the downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) for amplifying oxidative stress and increasing lipid peroxidation (LPO), resulting in the activation of ferroptosis. On the other hand, the silence of early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) mRNA by Zn2+-dependent DNAzymes directly inhibits the proliferation and migration of MDR cells, which further suppresses the P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug efflux. Thus, the proposed nanoplatforms show great promise for the development of versatile therapeutic tools and personalized nanomedicines for MDR cancers

Alcohol consumption may be associated with postoperative delirium in the elderly: the PNDABLE study

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to reveal the relationship between alcohol consumption and Postoperative delirium (POD) in the elderly. Methods We selected 252 patients from the Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder And Biomarker Lifestyle (PNDABLE ) study. Patients in the PNDABLE database have been measured for Alzheimer-related biomarkers in CSF (Aβ40, Aβ42, P-tau, and tau protein). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the preoperative mental status of patients. POD was diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and assessed for severity using the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS). Logistic regression analysis was utilized to explore the association of alcohol consumption with POD. Linear regression analysis was used to study the relationship between alcohol consumption and CSF biomarkers. Mediation analyses with 10,000 bootstrapped iterations were used to explore the mediation effects. Finally, we constructed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the nomogram model to evaluate the efficacy of alcohol consumption and CSF biomarkers in predicting POD.  Result The incidence of POD was 17.5%. Logistic regression showed that alcohol consumption (OR = 1.016, 95%CI 1.009–1.024, P  24 g a day on average) in the elderly, and contributes to POD through the mediation of Aβ42

Relationship between preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and postoperative delirium: The PNDABLE and the PNDRFAP cohort studies

Abstract Objectives In this study, the relationship between preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Alzheimer‐related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated to determine whether high NLR is a potential risk factor for postoperative delirium (POD) and to evaluate its predictive efficacy. Methods We selected 1000 patients from the perioperative neurocognitive disorder risk factor and prognosis (PNDRFAP) database and 999 patients from the perioperative neurocognitive disorder and biomarker lifestyle (PNDABLE) database. Patients in the PNDABLE database have been measured for Alzheimer‐related biomarkers in CSF (Aβ40, Aβ42, P‐tau, and tau protein). Mini‐mental state examination was used to assess the preoperative mental status of patients. POD was diagnosed using the confusion assessment method and assessed for severity using the memorial delirium assessment scale. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to explore the association of preoperative NLR with POD. What's more, we also performed sensitivity analysis by adding corrected confounders, and the results were almost unchanged. Spearman's rank correlation was used to determine the associations between NLR and Alzheimer‐related biomarkers. Mediation analyses with 10,000 bootstrapped iterations were used to explore the mediation effects. Finally, we use decision curves and the nomogram model to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative NLR in predicting POD; we also performed external validation using data from Qilu Hospital. Result Logistic regression results showed that an elevated preoperative NLR was a risk factor for the development of POD in patients (PNDRFAP: OR = 1.067, 95% CI 1.020–1.116; PNDABLE: OR = 1.182, 95% CI 1.048–1.335, p < .05). Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed a positive but weak correlation between NLR and P‐tau/T‐tau (R = .065). The mediating effect results indicate that NLR likely mediates the occurrence of POD through elevated tau protein levels (proportion: 47.47%). The results of the box plots showed statistically significant NLR and CSF biomarkers between the POD and non‐POD (NPOD) groups (p < .05), with higher NLR, P‐tau, and T‐tau in the POD group than in the NPOD group. In contrast, the NPOD group had higher Aβ42 levels compared to the POD group. In addition, we used R package to plot the decision curve and nomogram both suggesting a good predictive effect of preoperative NLR on the occurrence of POD. Conclusion Elevated preoperative NLR levels may be a risk factor for POD and likely mediate the development of POD through elevated P‐tau/T‐tau levels

Nomogram for evaluating obvious liver inflammation in treatment-naïve HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection patients with normal ALT

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to develop an effective and non-invasive nomogram for evaluating liver obvious inflammation in untreated HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A nomogram was established on a model cohort of 292 treatment-naïve HBeAg positive patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT ≤40 U/L) at Beijing Ditan Hospital from January 2008 to March 2018. Then the nomogram was prospectively validated in a cohort of 88 patients from July 2019 to May 2021. Calibration curves and Concordance index were used to evaluate the accuracy of prediction and identification performance of the model. In untreated HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection patients with normal ALT, the formula for predicting liver inflammation was Logit (P) =-0.91-0.41×log10 (qHBeAg)+0.11×AST-0.01×PLT. The nomogram had C-index of 0.751 (95% CI, 0.688–0.815), indicating a good consistency between prediction and real observation on the model cohort. The validation cohort confirmed its good performance. In this study, liver inflammation nomograms based on HBeAg, AST, and PLT were established and verified in treatment-naïve HBeAg positive chronic HBV patients with normal ALT

Hybrid speciation via inheritance of alternate alleles of parental isolating genes

It is increasingly realized that homoploid hybrid speciation (HHS), which involves no change in chromosome number, is an important mechanism of speciation. HHS will likely increase in frequency as ecological and geographical barriers between species are continuing to be disrupted by human activities. HHS requires the establishment of reproductive isolation between a hybrid and its parents, but the underlying genes and genetic mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we reveal by integrated approaches that reproductive isolation originates in one homoploid hybrid plant species through the inheritance of alternate alleles at genes that determine parental premating isolation. The parent species of this hybrid species are reproductively isolated by differences in flowering time and survivorship on soils containing high concentrations of iron. We found that the hybrid species inherits alleles of parental isolating major genes related to flowering time from one parent and alleles of major genes related to iron tolerance from the other parent. In this way, it became reproductively isolated from one parent by the difference in flowering time and from the other by habitat adaptation (iron tolerance). These findings and further modeling results suggest that HHS may occur relatively easily via the inheritance of alternate parental premating isolating genes and barriers.</p