Mutation pattern is an influential factor on functional mutation rates in cancer

Additional file 1. Supplementary figures

The Realizations of Steganography in Encrypted Domain

With the popularization and application of privacy protection technologies in cloud service and social network, ciphertext has been gradually becoming a common platform for public to exchange data. Under the cover of such a plat-form, we propose steganography in encrypted domain (SIED) in this paper to re-alize a novel method to realize secret communication Based on Simmons' model of prisoners' problems, we discuss the application scenarios of SIED. According to the different accesses to the encryption key and decryption key for secret mes-sage sender or receiver, the application modes of SIED are classified into four modes. To analyze the security requirments of SIED, four levels of steganalysis attacks are introduced based on the prior knowledge about the steganography system that the attacker is assumed to obtain in advance. Four levels of security standards of SIED are defined correspondingly. Based on the existing reversible data hiding techniques, we give four schemes of SIED as practical instances with different security levels. By analyzing the embedding and extraction characteris-tics of each instance, their SIED modes, application frameworks and security lev-els are discussed in detail

The role of the audience in contemporary data art

As a new form of contemporary art, data art has changed the audience’s artistic experience. This paper first introduces the characteristics of data art which are different from other contemporary art. Secondly, in the context of public participation in art, it explores how data art enables audiences to participate in various stages of artistic creation, so that audiences can become one of the creators rather than mere art connoisseurs. Finally, it summarizes participatory issues in different stages of data art

Direct detection of dark photon dark matter using radio telescopes

Dark photons can be the ultralight dark matter candidate, interacting with Standard Model particles via kinetic mixing. We propose to search for ultralight dark photon dark matter (DPDM) through the local absorption at different radio telescopes. The local DPDM can induce harmonic oscillations of electrons inside the antenna of radio telescopes. It leads to a monochromatic radio signal and can be recorded by telescope receivers. Using the observation data from the FAST telescope, the upper limit on the kinetic mixing can already reach $10^{-12}$ for DPDM oscillation frequencies at $1-1.5$ GHz, which is stronger than the cosmic microwave background constraint by about one order of magnitude. Furthermore, large-scale interferometric arrays like LOFAR and SKA1 telescopes can achieve extraordinary sensitivities for direct DPDM search from 10 MHz to 10 GHz.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures + appendix. Match the accepted version (PRL

Multi-population genome-wide association study implicates immune and non-immune factors in pediatric steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome

Genetics; Minimal change disease; Paediatric kidney diseaseGenética; Enfermedad de cambios mínimos; Enfermedad renal pediátricaGenètica; Malaltia de canvis mínims; Malaltia renal pediàtricaPediatric steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (pSSNS) is the most common childhood glomerular disease. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified a risk locus in the HLA Class II region and three additional independent risk loci. But the genetic architecture of pSSNS, and its genetically driven pathobiology, is largely unknown. Here, we conduct a multi-population GWAS meta-analysis in 38,463 participants (2440 cases). We then conduct conditional analyses and population specific GWAS. We discover twelve significant associations-eight from the multi-population meta-analysis (four novel), two from the multi-population conditional analysis (one novel), and two additional novel loci from the European meta-analysis. Fine-mapping implicates specific amino acid haplotypes in HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 driving the HLA Class II risk locus. Non-HLA loci colocalize with eQTLs of monocytes and numerous T-cell subsets in independent datasets. Colocalization with kidney eQTLs is lacking but overlap with kidney cell open chromatin suggests an uncharacterized disease mechanism in kidney cells. A polygenic risk score (PRS) associates with earlier disease onset. Altogether, these discoveries expand our knowledge of pSSNS genetic architecture across populations and provide cell-specific insights into its molecular drivers. Evaluating these associations in additional cohorts will refine our understanding of population specificity, heterogeneity, and clinical and molecular associations.K.I., K.N., and K.T. were supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under grant number JP17km0405108h0005. K.T. was supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under grants JP17km0405205h0002 and 18km0405205h0003. K.I., T.H., C.N., and K.N. were supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) under Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research fostering Joint International Research (B) 18KK0244. K.I., X.J., T.H., C.N., and K.N. were supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) under Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research fostering Joint International Research (B) 21KK0147. This work is supported by the Department of Defense (PR190746, PR212415) to S.S-C., by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (Grant Number UL1TR001873) to S.S-C., and by the National Institute of Health Grant RC2DK122397, M.Sam, S.S-C., M.R.P., and F.H. A.M. received support from the American Society of Nephrology KidneyCure Ben J. Lipps Research Fellowship. Y.G. received support from the NEPTUNE Career Development Award. P.R. and H.D. were funded by European Research Council grant ERC-2012- ADG_20120314 (grant agreement 322947) and Agence Nationale pour la Recherche “Genetransnephrose” grant ANR-16-CE17-004-01. M.Sam. was supported by NIH grants R01DK119380, 2U54DK083912, and a gift from The Pura Vida Kidney Foundation. The Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) is part of the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN), which is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) through its Division of Rare Diseases Research Innovation (DRDRI). NEPTUNE is funded under grant number U54DK083912 as a collaboration between NCATS and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Additional funding and/or programmatic support is provided by the University of Michigan, NephCure Kidney International, and the Halpin Foundation. RDCRN consortia are supported by the RDCRN Data Management and Coordinating Center (DMCC), funded by NCATS and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) under U2CTR002818. The authors wish to thank Seong Kyu Han, Ph.D. (Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School) for his assistance in creating figures

Characterization of duck enteritis virus UL53 gene and glycoprotein K

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Most of the previous research work had focused on the epidemiology and prevention of duck enteritis virus (DEV). Whilst with the development of protocols in molecular biology, nowadays more and more information about the genes of DEV was reported. But little information about DEV UL53 gene and glycoprotein K(gK) was known except our reported data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In our paper, the fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR(FQ-RT-PCR) assay and nucleic acid inhibition test were used to study the transcription characteristic of the DEV UL53 gene. Except detecting the mRNA of DEV UL53 gene, the product gK encoded by UL53 gene was detected through the expression kinetics of UL53 gene by the purified rabbit anti-UL53 protein polyclonal antibodies. Western-blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assays were used to detect gK. From the results of these experiments, the UL53 gene and gK were respectively identified as a late gene and a really late protein. On the other hand, the indirect immunofluorescence assay provided another information that the intracellular localization of DEV gK was mainly distributed in cytoplasm.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>By way of conclusions, we conceded that DEV UL53 gene is a really late gene, which is coincident with properties of UL53 homologs from other herpesvirus, such as ILTV(Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus) and HSV-1(Herpes simplex virus type 1). The properties of intracellular localization about gK protein provided a foundation for further functional analysis and further studies will be focused on constructing of the UL53 gene DEV mutant.</p