On the mean value of the Smarandache LCM function SL(n)

The main purpose of this paper is to study the properties of the Smarandache LCM function SL(n), and give an asymptotic formula for its mean value

On the integer part of the M-th root and the largest M-th power not exceeding N

The main purpose of this paper is using the elementary methods to study the properties of the integer part of the m-th root and the largest m-th power not exceeding n, and give some interesting identities involving these numbers

Modulation and coding for quantized channels

We investigate reliable communication over quantized channels from an information theoretical point of view. People seldom consider the effect of quantization in conventional coded modulation systems since Analog-to-Digital (AD) converters used in these systems always have high resolution, e.g. 2/3 source bits are often quantized into 10/12 bits. However, AD converters with a high resolution are power consuming. In this paper, we present a scheme to design an optimum quantizer with low resolution which can be used to communicate over the quantized channel. Moreover, we show that reliable transmission over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel at a rate of R bit/use is possible with R + 1 or R + 2 quantized bits.\u

Ownership structure and new product development in transnational corporations in China

This paper examines the relationship between the ownership structure and new product development (NPD) at the affiliates of transnational corporations in China. Seven research hypotheses are tested on a panel data set covering 10,000 manufacturing firms with foreign involvement for the period 1998-2001. The results from probit and tobit models show that contractual joint ventures, equity joint ventures and joint stock enterprises are better organizational forms than wholly owned enterprises for increasing both the probability and intensity of NPD. We also find that ventures with OECD participation are more likely to be involved in NPD than those with participation by “overseas” Chinese TNCs