Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization in Water for Isoindolin-1-one Synthesis

Rhodium-catalyzed green synthesis of isoindolin-1-ones via a sequential C–H activation/allene formation/cyclization pathway by applying water as solvent is reported. The reaction is highly regioselective, tolerating some potentially useful functional groups

Clinical parameters of the patients in the HVHF and IHD groups before and after treatment.

<p><i>Note</i>: Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation.</p><p>* <i>P</i> < 0.05</p><p>** <i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i>. that before treatment.</p><p>APACHE score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; AST, aspartate aminotransferase level; BUN, blood urea nitrogen level; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB level; DBI, direct bilirubin index; HB, hemoglobin level; HVHF, high-volume hemofiltration; IBI, indirect bilirubin index; IHD, intermittent hemodialysis; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase level; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MOD score, multiple organ dysfunction score; PLT, platelet count; PT, prothrombin time; Scr, serum creatinine level; TBI, total bilirubin index.</p><p>Clinical parameters of the patients in the HVHF and IHD groups before and after treatment.</p

Comparisons of biochemical parameters before and after HVHF.

<p><i>Note</i>: Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation.</p><p>* <i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i>. the value on day 0 post-treatment.</p><p>#: Multiple comparisons were performed using repeated measures ANOVA.</p><p>APACHE score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; MOD score, multiple organ dysfunction score; AST, aspartate aminotransferase level; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB level; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase level; TBI, total bilirubin index; DBI, direct bilirubin index; IBI, indirect bilirubin index; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PaO₂, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; BUN, blood urea nitrogen level; Scr, serum creatinine level; HVHF, high-volume hemofiltration; IHD, intermittent hemodialysis.</p><p>Comparisons of biochemical parameters before and after HVHF.</p

An “Off–On” Electrochemiluminescent Biosensor Based on DNAzyme-Assisted Target Recycling and Rolling Circle Amplifications for Ultrasensitive Detection of microRNA

In this study, an off–on switching of a dual amplified electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on Pb²⁺-induced DNAzyme-assisted target recycling and rolling circle amplification (RCA) was constructed for microRNA (miRNA) detection. First, the primer probe with assistant probe and miRNA formed Y junction which was cleaved with the addition of Pb²⁺ to release miRNA. Subsequently, the released miRNA could initiate the next recycling process, leading to the generation of numerous intermediate DNA sequences (S2). Afterward, bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was immersed into HAuCl₄ solution to electrodeposit a Au nanoparticle layer (depAu), followed by the assembly of a hairpin probe (HP). Then, dopamine (DA)-modified DNA sequence (S1) was employed to hybridize with HP, which switching off the sensing system. This is the first work that employs DA to quench luminol ECL signal, possessing the biosensor ultralow background signal. Afterward, S2 produced by the target recycling process was loaded onto the prepared electrode to displace S1 and served as an initiator for RCA. With rational design, numerous repeated DNA sequences coupling with hemin to form hemin/G-quadruplex were generated, which could exhibit strongly catalytic toward H₂O₂, thus amplified the ECL signal and switched the ON state of the sensing system. The liner range for miRNA detection was from 1.0 fM to 100 pM with a low detection limit down to 0.3 fM. Moreover, with the high sensitivity and specificity induced by the dual signal amplification, the proposed miRNA biosensor holds great potential for analysis of other interesting tumor markers

An Electrochemical Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of MicroRNA-155: Combining Target Recycling with Cascade Catalysis for Signal Amplification

In this work, a new electrochemical biosensor based on catalyzed hairpin assembly target recycling and cascade electrocatalysis (cytochrome <i>c</i> (Cyt <i>c</i>) and alcohol oxidase (AOx)) for signal amplification was constructed for highly sensitive detection of microRNA (miRNA). It is worth pointing out that target recycling was achieved only based on strand displacement process without the help of nuclease. Moreover, porous TiO₂ nanosphere was synthesized, which could offer more surface area for Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) enwrapping and enhance the amount of immobilized DNA strand 1 (S1) and Cyt <i>c</i> accordingly. With the mimicking sandwich-type reaction, the cascade catalysis amplification strategy was carried out by AOx catalyzing ethanol to acetaldehyde with the concomitant formation of high concentration of H₂O₂, which was further electrocatalyzed by PtNPs and Cyt <i>c</i>. This newly designed biosensor provided a sensitive detection of miRNA-155 from 0.8 fM to 1 nM with a relatively low detection limit of 0.35 fM

Comparisons of clinical outcomes at hospital discharge between patients in the HVHF and IHD groups.

<p>Note</p><p>* <i>P</i> < 0.05</p><p>** <i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i>. the IHD group.</p><p>^# Cardiovascular complications included palpitations, self-reported chest congestion feeling without abnormity detected with electrocardiogram, arrhythmia and shock.</p><p>^## Blood clotting included vascular coagulation and elevated PPT and DIC.</p><p>$ In occasions when blood pressure is lower than the 90/60mmHg, Noradrenaline was given at 10-12ug/min. After blood pressure turned normal (higher than 90/60mmHg), dose was gradually reduced to 2-4ug/min then cease usage.</p><p>Comparisons of clinical outcomes at hospital discharge between patients in the HVHF and IHD groups.</p

Scheme to illustrate the blood purification treatments used in the two patient groups.

<p>Patients in the IHD group underwent IHD in combination with hemoperfusion. Hemoperfusion in the IHD group was carried out for 2 h each day, with a blood flow of 150–200 mL/min. IHD was administered for 2 h on day 1, 3 h on day 2, 4 h on day 3, and then 4 h every other day, with a dialysis liquid flow rate of 500 mL/min, and a blood flow of 200–300 mL/min. Patients in the HVHF group underwent HVHF in combination with hemoperfusion (2 h each day, with a blood flow volume of 150–200 mL/min). During the first 72 h of treatment the hemofiltration solution flow rate was 70 mL/kg/h, blood flow was 200–250 mL/min, and the filter and catheter were changed every 24 h; subsequently, hemofiltration solution was given at 70 mL/kg/h for 12 h each day.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients in the HVHF and IHD groups.

<p><i>Note</i>: BUN, blood urea nitrogen; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; HVHF, high-volume hemofiltration; IHD, intermittent hemodialysis; SD, standard deviation; Scr, serum creatinine. Circulatory failure, myocardial damage, DIC, organ dysfunction, renal failure and respiratory failure are defined as in references 13 and 14.</p><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients in the HVHF and IHD groups.</p

Effects of AMPK and p38MAPK inhibitor on high glucose-induced apoptosis in NRK-52E cells.

<p>The NRK-52E cells were pretreated with Compound C (10 μM) or SB203580 (10 μM) for 30min followed by incubation in high glucose media for 48 h. (a) Flow cytometry graphs for cell apoptotic rate pretreated with SB203580 and the corresponding histogram. (b) Apoptosis graphic data of NRK-52E cells pretreated with Compound C and the relevant histogram. The results are representative of three independent experiments. ^§<i>P</i><0.05; ^*<i>P</i><0.01.</p

The profiles of malic acid productivity and yield in fermentation cycle.

<p>Date are given as triplicate.</p