Selective Formation of Hydrogen and Hydroxyl Radicals by Electron Beam Irradiation and Their Reactivity with Perfluorosulfonated Acid Ionomer

Selective formation and reactivity of hydrogen (H^•) and hydroxyl (HO^•) radicals with perfluorinated sulfonated ionomer membrane, Nafion 211, is described. Selective formation of radicals was achieved by electron beam irradiation of aqueous solutions of H₂O₂ or H₂SO₄ to form HO^• and H^•, respectively, and confirmed by ESR spectroscopy using a spin trap. The structure of Nafion 211 after reaction with H^• or HO^• was determined using calibrated ¹⁹F magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. Soluble residues of degradation were analyzed by liquid and solid-state NMR. NMR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, together with determination of ion exchange capacity, water uptake, proton conductivity, and fluoride ion release, strongly indicate that attack by H^• occurs at the tertiary carbon C–F bond on both the main and side chain; whereas attack by HO^• occurs solely on the side chain, specifically, the α-O–C bond

Identification of miRNAs and Their Target Genes in Peach (<i>Prunus persica</i> L.) Using High-Throughput Sequencing and Degradome Analysis

<div><p>MicroRNAs play critical roles in various biological and metabolic processes. The function of miRNAs has been widely studied in model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice. However, the number of identified miRNAs and related miRNA targets in peach (<i>Prunus persica</i>) is limited. To understand further the relationship between miRNAs and their target genes during tissue development in peach, a small RNA library and three degradome libraries were constructed from three tissues for deep sequencing. We identified 117 conserved miRNAs and 186 novel miRNA candidates in peach by deep sequencing and 19 conserved miRNAs and 13 novel miRNAs were further evaluated for their expression by RT-qPCR. The number of gene targets that were identified for 26 conserved miRNA families and 38 novel miRNA candidates, were 172 and 87, respectively. Some of the identified miRNA targets were abundantly represented as conserved miRNA targets in plant. However, some of them were first identified and showed important roles in peach development. Our study provides information concerning the regulatory network of miRNAs in peach and advances our understanding of miRNA functions during tissue development.</p></div

Summary of small RNA sequencing data analysis.

<p>Summary of small RNA sequencing data analysis.</p

Synthesis of Polysubstituted 3‑Aminothiophenes from Thioamides and Allenes via Tandem Thio-Michael Addition/Oxidative Annulation and 1,2-Sulfur Migration

A facile synthetic method for the construction of 3-aminothiophenes from readily available thioamides and alllenes in the presence of a TBAI/TBHP catalyst system was developed. This protocol represents an efficient and straightforward way to access highly functionalized thiophenes in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions, via a tandem thio-Michael addition, oxidative annulation, and 1,2-sulfur migration pathway

Member numbers of each identified conserved miRNA family in peach (A).

<p>The expression read of miRNA families in peach (B).</p

Conserved miRNA families from peach, designated as pmu on the first column, and their homologues in other plant species.

<p>Conserved miRNA families from peach, designated as pmu on the first column, and their homologues in other plant species.</p

Relative expression levels of peach miRNAs in different tissues.

<p>A, Relative expression levels of conserved miRNAs; B, relative expression levels of novel miRNAs.</p

Sequence length distribution of peach sRNAs.

<p>Sequence length distribution of peach sRNAs.</p

DataSheet_1_High loading-dose of dupilumab resulted in rapid disease control in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis.docx

BackgroundThe real-world experience of dupilumab in Chinese is limited, and the initial loading dose has not yet been deeply explored in patients aged ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and investigate the effect of higher loading dose for disease control in patients aged MethodsA total of 155 patients were divided into three groups according to age: 11 years. Among patients aged ResultsThe proportion of patients showing an improvement of ≥75% in the Eczema Area and Severity Index was 68.0% (17/25), 76.9% (10/13), and 62.5% (25/40) in the aged 11 years groups, respectively, at week 16. After increasing the loading dose, 69.6% (16/23) of patients aged ConclusionsDupilumab was effective and well-tolerated in Chinese patients with atopic dermatitis. The increased loading dose helped achieve rapid pruritus control in patients aged <6 years.</p

Data summary of three degradome libraries of peach.

<p>Data summary of three degradome libraries of peach.</p