Image_1_Smaller left ventricular end-systolic diameter and lower ejection fraction at baseline associated with greater ejection fraction improvement after revascularization among patients with left ventricular dysfunction.TIF

ObjectivesTo investigate the predictive roles of pre-operative left ventricular (LV) size and ejection fraction (EF) in EF improvement and outcome following revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and LV dysfunction.BackgroundRevascularization may improve EF and long-term outcomes of patients with LV dysfunction. However, the determinants of EF improvement have not yet been investigated comprehensively.Materials and methodsPatients with EF measurements before and 3 months after revascularization were enrolled in a cohort study (No. ChiCTR2100044378). All patients had baseline EF ≤ 40%. EF improvement was defined as absolute increase in EF > 5%. According to LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) (severely enlarged or not) and EF (≤35% or of 36–40%) at baseline, patients were categorized into four groups.ResultsA total of 939 patients were identified. A total of 549 (58.5%) had EF improved. Both LVESD [odds ratio (OR) per 1 mm decrease, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04–1.07; P ConclusionAmong CAD patients with reduced EF (≤ 40%) who underwent revascularization, smaller pre-operative LVESD and lower EF had greatest potential to have EF improvement and better outcome. Our findings imply the indication for revascularization in patients with LV dysfunction who presented with lower EF but smaller LV size.</p

Determination of the Mutant Selection Window and Evaluation of the Killing of <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> by Danofloxacin, Doxycycline, Tilmicosin, Tylvalosin and Valnemulin

<div><p><i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> is a common etiological cause of a chronic respiratory disease in chickens; its increasing antimicrobial resistance compromises the use of tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones in the farm environment. Mutant selection window (MSW) determination was used to investigate the propensity for future resistance induction by danofloxacin, doxycycline, tilmicosin, tylvalosin and valnemulin. Killing of <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> strain S6 by these antimicrobials was also studied by incubating <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> into medium containing the compounds at the minimal concentration that inhibits colony formation by 99% (MIC₉₉) and the mutant prevention concentration (MPC). Based on the morphology and colony numbers of <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> on agar plates, the four kinds of sera in the order of the applicability for culturing <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> were swine serum > horse serum > bovine serum > mixed serum. The MPC/MIC₉₉ values for each agent were as follows: danofloxacin > tilmicosin > tylvalosin > doxycycline > valnemulin. MPC generated more rapid and greater magnitude killing than MIC₉₉ against <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i>. Under exposure of 10⁵–10⁹ CFU/mL at MPC drug levels, valnemulin had the slowest rate of reduction in viable organisms and danofloxacin had the highest rate of reduction.</p></div

<i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> killing curves at the minimal concentration that inhibits colony formation by 99% (MIC₉₉) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) for an inoculum of 10⁷ CFU/mL.

<p><i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> killing curves at the minimal concentration that inhibits colony formation by 99% (MIC₉₉) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) for an inoculum of 10⁷ CFU/mL.</p

The results of three different pretreatment methods for <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> enrichment.

<p>The results of three different pretreatment methods for <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> enrichment.</p

Effects of different serum types on <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> growth on agar plates.

<p>Effects of different serum types on <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> growth on agar plates.</p

Minimum inhibitory concentrations for danofloxacin, doxycycline, tilmicosin, tylvalosin and valnemulin against <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> strain S6 in artificial medium using the liquid and solid agar methods with inoculum sizes of 10⁵,10⁶ and 10⁷ CFU/mL.

<p>Minimum inhibitory concentrations for danofloxacin, doxycycline, tilmicosin, tylvalosin and valnemulin against <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> strain S6 in artificial medium using the liquid and solid agar methods with inoculum sizes of 10⁵,10⁶ and 10⁷ CFU/mL.</p

Comparison of MIC₉₉, MIC, MPC and selection indices for five antimicrobial agents tested against <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> strain S6.

<p>Comparison of MIC₉₉, MIC, MPC and selection indices for five antimicrobial agents tested against <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> strain S6.</p

The reduction of <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> growth for three different inoculum sizes based on the measured MPC concentrations.

<p>The reduction of <i>M</i>. <i>gallisepticum</i> growth for three different inoculum sizes based on the measured MPC concentrations.</p