Chalcogen Atom-Modulated Croconaine for Efficient NIR-II Photothermal Theranostics

Organic dye-based agents with near-infrared (NIR)-II absorption have great potential for cancer theranostics because of the deeper tissue penetration and good biocompatibility. However, proper design is required to develop NIR-II-absorbing dyes with good optical properties. We proposed to construct chalcogen atom-modulated croconaine for NIR-II light-triggered photothermal theranostics. By introducing different chalcogen atoms (O, S, Se, or Te) into the structure of croconaine, the light absorption of croconaine can be precisely regulated from the NIR-I to the NIR-II range due to the heavy-atom effect. Especially, Te-substituted croconaine (CRTe) and its nanoformulations exhibit superior NIR-II responsiveness, a high photothermal conversion efficiency (70.6%), and good photostability. With their favorable tumor accumulation, CRTe-NPs from tumor regions can be visualized by NIR-II optoacoustic systems with high resolution and high contrast; meanwhile, their superior photothermal performance also contributes to efficient cell killing and tumor elimination upon 1064 nm laser irradiation. Therefore, this work provides an efficient strategy for the molecular design of NIR-II organic photothermal agents

Additional file 1 of A humanized 4-1BB-targeting agonistic antibody exerts potent antitumor activity in colorectal cancer without systemic toxicity

Additional file 1: Fig. S1 The interaction model between 4-1BB and HuB6 Fab. One copy of the complex is composed of chain A and chain E and F. Chain D interacts with chain B’ and C’ in another asymmetric unit form another copy with the same mode as chain B and C. 4-1BB is in blue and orange, HuB6 Fab H chain is in red, green, cyan and magenta. 4-1BB and HuB6 Fab in another asymmetric unit are in grey. Fig. S2 The dependence on FcγR of the 4-1BB agonist activity. CD8 + T cells were cocultured with CHO-K1 cells expressing different FcγRs and treated with HuB6, utomilumab, urelumab or IgG control for 3 days in a CO2 incubator at 37 °C. After incubation, the secreted IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in the cell supernatants were determined by ELISA. Fig. S3 Tumor photos of the MC38 and CT26 model mice. a the tumors of MC38 and CT26 model mice treated with the three doses of HuB6. b the tumors of MC38 and CT26 model mice treated with the three 4-1BB agonistic mAbs. Fig. S4 Hematoxylin and eosin staining for major organs of the mice treated with HuB6. Major organs included heart, liver, lung, kidney and spleen