Comparison in the carbon storage of biomass and soils between a mixed mangrove forest and a monospecific mangrove forest.

<p>Significant differences between two forests are indicated by *<i>p</i>< 0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, ***<i>p</i><0.05, while NS indicates not significant difference at <i>p</i>>0.05.</p

Effects of CXB analogues on M-type K⁺ currents from rat DRG neurons.

<p>A, The time course for the effects of CXB, UMC, DMC and RTG on the M-type K⁺ currents recorded using the protocol shown at the top of the right panel. The representative current traces under different conditions of the treatments were shown at the right. The dotted line indicates the zero current level. B, Summarized data for the effects of CXB analogues on M currents recorded at −20 mV. <i>*P</i><0.05, compared with the control currents before application of celecoxib analogues. n = 5.</p

Effects of CXB analogues on voltage dependent activation of Kv7.2/7.3 expressed in HEK293 cells.

<p>The currents were recorded using the voltage protocol shown at the top of the Figure. A–D, Current traces of Kv7.2/7.3 before and after applying 100 µM CXB analogues and RTG. E–H, Voltage dependent activation curves were plotted from the tail currents recorded at – 120 mV against the preceding voltage step. The data were fitted with a Boltzmann function described in the Method. The voltages for the half maximal activation of Kv7.2/7.3 (V_1/2) were shown. CXB analogues and retigabine (RTG) negatively shifted the voltage dependent activation of Kv7.2/7.3. n = 4–6.</p

The location of Gaoqiao mangrove research station (a and b) and the experimental plots in the mixed and monospecific mangrove forests (c).

<p>The location of Gaoqiao mangrove research station (a and b) and the experimental plots in the mixed and monospecific mangrove forests (c).</p

C/N ratios of soils and plant biomass for two types of mangrove forests (mean±SD).

<p>Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at <i>p</i><0.05 between two mangrove species or the same mangrove species between forest types.</p

Monthly litterfall production for the <i>A. corniculatum</i> monospecific mangrove forest and the mixed mangrove forest of <i>S. apetala+A. corniculatum</i> from January to December 2010 (mean±SD; n = 5).

<p>Significant differences at each month between two forests are indicated by *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01 and ***<i>p</i><0.05, while NS indicates not significant difference at <i>p</i>>0.05. Note that in the mix forest the litter from two mangrove species were not separated.</p

Daily air temperature range and monthly precipitation in 2010 for the Gaoqiao mangrove research station.

<p>Daily air temperature range and monthly precipitation in 2010 for the Gaoqiao mangrove research station.</p

Concentration-dependent effects of CXB analogues on Kv7.2/7.3 expressed in HEK293 cells.

<p>The currents were recorded using the protocol shown at the left top. A–C, Representative traces of Kv7.2/7.3 current responding to the different concentrations of UMC, DMC and CXB were shown. The dotted line indicates the zero current level. D, The concentration-response relationships for activation of Kv7.2/7.3 currents by CXB analogues were fitted with the logistic function. Folds of currents increased at – 30 mV were plotted against drug concentrations. The EC₅₀ value is 22.7 ± 3.0 µM for UMC, 4.5 ± 0.7 µM for CXB, and 2.5 ± 0.2 µM for DMC. n = 4–6.</p

Effects of CXB analogues on neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats.

<p>CCI rats were given CXB, DMC, RTG (30 mg/kg/day) or solvent (intragastric (<i>i.g</i>) administration twice a day) from 1∼14 days after surgery. A, Effects of CXB, DMC and RTG on rat pain behavior responding to the mechanical stimuli. Mechanical thresholds (g) were measured using calibrated Von Frey filaments applied to the plantar surface of the ipsilateral hind paw before operation and 1day, 5days, 10 days and 14 days after the surgery. *<i>P</i> <0.05, ***<i>P</i> <0.001, CXB group compared with the solvent group., ^###<i>P</i> <0.001, RTG group compared with the solvent group, ⁺⁺⁺<i>P</i> <0.001, DMC group compared with the solvent group. B, Effects of CXB, DMC and RTG on rat pain behavior responding to the thermal stimuli. Thermal withdrawal latencies of the ipsilateral hind paw were measured using radiant heat from underneath the glass floor with a high-intensity lamp bulb before operation and 1 day, 5 days, 10 days and 14 days after surgery. *<i>P</i> <0.05, CXB group compared with the solvent group.</p

Comparison in the carbon storage of biomass and soils between a mixed mangrove forest and a monospecific mangrove forest.

<p>Significant differences between two forests are indicated by *<i>p</i>< 0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, ***<i>p</i><0.05, while NS indicates not significant difference at <i>p</i>>0.05.</p