Efficient degradation of organic phosphorus in glyphosate wastewater by catalytic wet oxidation using modified activated carbon as a catalyst

<p>Glyphosate (PMG) wastewater, which is an organic phosphorus (OP) wastewater containing 200–3000 mg/L PMG, was treated via catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) to degrade PMG to orthophosphate (). The catalysts were activated carbons (ACs) modified by H₂O₂ oxidation and thermal treatment with ammonia or melamine. The catalysts were characterized using N₂ adsorption/desorption, Boehm titration, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The CWO experiments were performed in a co-current upflow fixed-bed reactor at 110–130°C and under 1.0 MPa. The AC modified by H₂O₂ and melamine had the highest catalytic activity and had excellent stability in the continuous 55-day test: 100% PMG removal and over 93% OP removal for different samples of real PMG wastewater. More pyrrolic nitrogen, pyridinic nitrogen, and graphitic nitrogen along with quinone oxygen functional groups on the surface of the AC showed higher catalytic activity according to linear fitting results. The identification and quantification of critical reaction intermediaries and the main end products of PMG degradation were possible, and a degradation pathway was proposed.</p

Effect of rapamycin and CQ on sevoflurane-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus analyzed by using TUNEL staining.

<p>(A) Representative photomicrographs showing TUNEL-positive cells in the hippocampus of aged rats in each group, n = 3. (B) A statistical chart of the ratio of TUNEL-positive cells/total cells, 3 rats in each group and 5 fields were observed in each rat. Data are presented as mean ± SD,*<i>P</i> < 0.05 or **<i>P</i> < 0.01, ^#<i>P</i> > 0.05.</p

Sevoflurane induced apoptosis of cells in the hippocampus of aged rats.

<p>Apoptosis was examined by the TUNEL method. Upper: Photomicrographs of TUNEL-positive cells. (a) Control group. (b) Sevoflurane group. (c) Number of TUNEL-positive cells in each group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *<i>P</i><0.05, <i>vs</i> control group.</p

Intramuscular nerve distribution in the APB (right, deep side), drawing demonstrating several intramuscular branches arising from the branch of the recurrent nerve of median nerve (NT, nerve trunk).

<p>The scale bar represents 4 mm.</p

Ultrastructural changes of apoptotic neurons in sevoflurane group.

<p>These degenerating neurons showed an advanced stage of apoptosis, with chromatin clumping, condensation and margination (arrow), (a) a control rat. (b) a sevoflurane treated rat, Scale bar = 2 µm.</p

Giant Topological Nontrivial Band Gaps in Chloridized Gallium Bismuthide

Quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect is promising for achieving dissipationless transport devices but presently is achieved only at extremely low temperature. Searching for the large-gap QSH insulators with strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is the key to increase the operating temperature. We demonstrate theoretically that this can be solved in the chloridized gallium bismuthide (GaBiCl₂) monolayer, which has nontrivial gaps of 0.95 eV at the Γ point, and 0.65 eV for bulk, as well as gapless edge states in the nanoribbon structures. The nontrivial gaps due to the band inversion and SOC are robust against external strain. The realization of the GaBiCl₂ monolayer will be beneficial for achieving QSH effect and related applications at high temperatures

Intramuscular nerve distribution in the ODM (right, deep side), drawing demonstrating the branching pattern of the branch of the ulnar nerve.

<p>The scale bar represents 4 mm.</p

Intramuscular nerve distribution in the FDMB (right, deep side), drawing demonstrating the branching pattern of the branch of the ulnar nerve.

<p>The scale bar represents 4 mm.</p

Intramuscular nerve distribution in the ADM (right, deep side), drawing demonstrating the branching pattern of the branch of the ulnar nerve.

<p>The scale bar represents 4 mm.</p

Immunohistochemistry of CHOP and Caspase-12 in hippocampus.

<p>(a) CHOP immunostain in control group ×400. (b) CHOP immunostain in sevoflurane group ×400. (c) Caspase-12 immunostain in control group ×400. (d) Caspase-12 immunostain in sevoflurane group ×400. (e) Numbers of CHOP and Caspase-12-positive cells. (f) Optical density of CHOP and Caspase-12-positive cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *<i>P</i><0.05, <i>vs</i> the control group.</p