Image1_Impaired FGF10 Signaling and Epithelial Development in Experimental Lung Hypoplasia With Esophageal Atresia.tiff

<p>Patients with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) often experience persistent respiratory tract disease. In experimental models, doxorubicin-induced developmental lung abnormalities may result from downregulation of branching morphogenesis factor fibroblast growth factor (Fgf10). This study investigated the temporospatial expression of Fgf10 pathway components and lung epithelial factors in an doxorubicin-induced EA-TEF model by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by histone deacetylation was also investigated. Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) 4 and Cathepsin H (Ctsh), downstream targets of Fgf10, were significantly downregulated in the EA-TEF model during the saccular stage, consistent with Fgf10 expression. The developmental expression pattern of P2x7 receptor (ATI-cell marker), Sftpa, and Sftpb in lung epithelial cells was not affected. Sftpc (ATII-cell Marker) and Scgb1a1 (Clara cell marker) were significantly downregulated at the canalicular stage. Meanwhile, histone deacetylase (Hdac) 1 was upregulated and subsequently decreased acetylation of histone H3 Lys56 in the EA-TEF model, which returned to a normal level at the saccular stage. In conclusion, disturbed molecular signaling involving Fgf10/Ctsh was associated with impaired airway branching and epithelial cell development in lung morphogenesis, as evidenced by downregulated Sftpc and Scgb1a1 protein expression. The influence of Hdac1 activity on gene and protein expression in lung epithelial cells deserves further study.</p

Highly Selective and Reversible Chemosensor for Pd²⁺ Detected by Fluorescence, Colorimetry, and Test Paper

A “turn-on” fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensor (<b>RBS</b>) for Pd²⁺ has been designed and synthesized through introduction of sulfur as a ligand atom to Rhodamine B. <b>RBS</b> exhibits high selectivity (freedom from the interference of Hg²⁺in particular) and sensitivity toward Pd²⁺ with a detection limit as low as 2.4 nM. <b>RBS</b> is also a reversible sensor, and it can be made into test paper to detect Pd²⁺ in pure water. Compared to the chemosensors that introduced phosphorus to Rhodamine to detect Pd²⁺, <b>RBS</b> can be synthesized more simply and economically

Genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of the NAC transcription factor family during abiotic and biotic stress in woodland strawberry

<div><p>The NAC transcription factors involved plant development and response to various stress stimuli. However, little information is available concerning the NAC family in the woodland strawberry. Herein, 37 <i>NAC</i> genes were identified from the woodland strawberry genome and were classified into 13 groups based on phylogenetic analysis. And further analyses of gene structure and conserved motifs showed closer relationship of them in every subgroup. Quantitative real-time PCR evaluation different tissues revealed distinct spatial expression profiles of the <i>FvNAC</i> genes. The comprehensive expression of <i>FvNAC</i> genes revealed under abiotic stress (cold, heat, drought, salt), signal molecule treatments (H₂O₂, ABA, melatonin, rapamycin), biotic stress (<i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> and <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>). Expression profiles derived from quantitative real-time PCR suggested that 5 <i>FvNAC</i> genes responded dramatically to the various abiotic and biotic stresses, indicating their contribution to abiotic and biotic stresses resistance in woodland strawberry. Interestingly, <i>FvNAC</i> genes showed greater extent responded to the cold treatment than other abiotic stress, and H₂O₂ exhibited a greater response than ABA, melatonin, and rapamycin. For biotic stresses, 3 <i>FvNAC</i> genes were up-regulated during infection with <i>C</i>. <i>gloeosporioides</i>, while 6 <i>FvNAC</i> genes were down-regulated during infection with <i>R</i>. <i>solanacearum</i>. In conclusion, this study identified candidate <i>FvNAC</i> genes to be used for the genetic improvement of abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in woodland strawberry.</p></div

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Expression profiles of <i>FvNAC</i> genes in leaves under <i>R. solanacearum</i> infection.

<p>The <i>R. solanacearum</i> infection stress was irrigating pathogenic bacteria suspension (1×10⁸ CFU) woodland strawberry seedlings.</p

Expression profiles of <i>FvNAC</i> genes in leaves under heat stress.

<p>The heat stress treatment was performed by transferring the plants to a high temperature (40°C) for 4 h following recovery. Log2 based values from cold stress of qRT-PCR data were used to create the heat map.</p

Expression profiles of <i>FvNAC</i> genes in leaves under H₂O₂ stress.

<p>The H₂O₂ stress treatment was performed by spraying the woodland strawberry leaves with a solution containing 10 mM H₂O₂. Log2 based values from cold stress of qRT-PCR data were used to create the heat map.</p

Expression profiles of <i>FvNAC</i> genes in leaves under <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> infection.

<p>The <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> infection stress was performed by spraying the conidiospores (1×106 conidiospores/mL) to woodland strawberry leaves surface. Log2 based values from cold stress of qRT-PCR data were used to create the heat map.</p

Expression profiles of <i>FvNAC</i> genes in leaves under melatonin stress.

<p>The melatonin stress treatment was performed by spraying the woodland strawberry leaves with a solution containing 0.5 mM melatonin. Log2 based values from cold stress of qRT-PCR data were used to create the heat map.</p

Phylogenetic analysis of NAC proteins from woodland strawberry, rice, and <i>Arabidopsis</i>.

<p>The full-length amino acid sequences of NAC genes from woodland strawberry (FvNACs), <i>Arabidopsis</i> (ANACs), and rice (ONACs) were aligned using ClustalX 2.0, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method with 1000 bootstrap replicates with MEGA 6.06.</p