Metal-Modified Active Coke for Simultaneous Removal of SO₂ and NO_<i>x</i> from Sintering Flue Gas

A series of active coke (AC)-based adsorbents modified by different metal combinations (Na/Ba/Cu, Na&Cu/Na&Ba, and Na&Ba&La/Na&Ba&Ce), supporting different contents of metal and calcined at different temperatures, was investigated for simultaneous removal of SO₂ and NO_<i>x</i>. The activity test results showed that supporting 8% NaCO₃, 7% Ba­(NO₃)₂ & 8% NaCO₃, and 10% Ce­(NO₃)₂ & 7% Ba­(NO₃)₂ & 8% NaCO₃ on the AC was best in unitary, bibasic, and ternary metal modifications, respectively. Supporting 10% Ce­(NO₃)₂ & 7% Ba­(NO₃)₂ & 8% NaCO₃ was the best of all. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy result showed that the sodium modification made some unsaturated groups and metal chelate complexes form on the AC, so that the removal performance improved. Barium added to 8% Na–AC augmented the amount of unsaturated groups to improve the performance further. The addition of cerium to 7% Ba–8% Na–AC made more unsaturated groups and metal chelate complexes form, thus raising the performance again. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) result showed that the unmodified (AC) and modified (10% Ce–7% Ba–8% Na–AC) ACs were predominantly microporous materials, and the pore size distribution and pore width of the modified AC was more extensive and multiple, which were beneficial for the removal of SO₂ and NO_<i>x</i>. Moreover, the removal performance improved significantly as the calcination temperature increased from 200 to 600 °C, whereas it slumped as the calcination temperature increased from 600 to 800 °C. It was explained by the results of X-ray diffraction and BET that CeO₂, which was one of the active ingredients on the AC, increased with the increase of the calcination temperature and the higher the sample calcined at a temperature, the worse the pore structure of the carrier

Studies on the Dual-Templating Function of TBA for the Formation of ZSM-11 Intergrowth Morphology

Hierarchically structured ZSM-11 microspheres with an intergrowth morphology have been hydrothermally synthesized using only one organic templating molecule (TBABr). An investigation of the effects of the structure-directing agent on the zeolite particle morphology and textural properties was performed. It was found that the template tetraalkylammonium ions TBA⁺ (or TPA⁺) not only were located in the channel intersections of ZSM-11 (or ZSM-5), but were also attached to the external surface of the precursors, which prevented these precursors from further condensation. Finally, a morphology of numerous nanocrystals inserting into each other was formed, and the voids among these intergrowth crystals endowed these materials with mesoporosity

NOx Removal over Modified Carbon Molecular Sieve Catalysts Using a Combined Adsorption-Discharge Plasma Catalytic Process

Carbon molecular sieves (CMS), 13X zeolite, and γ-Al₂O₃ were selected as catalyst support to investigate the NOx adsorption capacity, and a series of Cu modified CMS-based catalysts were used to investigate the NOx adsorption and discharge plasma catalytic removal capacity. Results showed that CMS has a larger NOx adsorption amount and lower desorption temperature in NOx temperature programmed desorption (TPD) process. The addition of Cu benefits the NOx adsorption and nonthermal plasmas (NTP) removal capacity, and the NOx removal capacity and the ratio of NTP/(NTP + TPD) achieved 96.2% and 68.39% over 15%Cu-CMS in 30 min. Water vapor has an obvious effect on the NOx adsorption and discharge plasma catalytic process. In cyclic operation, 15%Cu-CMS has a better NOx adsorption-discharge property. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method showed the average pore width, surface area, and pore volume of the sample after cyclic operation has no significant change. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed a new lattice oxygen peak appeared in O 1s spectra, and the Cu₂O peak disappeared in Cu 2p spectra after cyclic operation

Interactive Effect for Simultaneous Removal of SO₂, NO, and CO₂ in Flue Gas on Ion Exchanged Zeolites

A purification system for simultaneous removal of SO₂, NO, and CO₂ in flue gas was considered in this study. For improving the purification performance of candidate adsorbent NaX zeolite, ion exchange experiments were conducted with cation K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Co²⁺, respectively. The texture properties of series zeolites were examined by N₂ porosimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Among the sorbents investigated, K–NaX zeolite exhibited the best result to remove SO₂, NO, and CO₂ all together. XPS results revealed that SO₂ has been oxidized to form SO₄^2– on the solid surface; however, species N and C have not been observed. In order to understand the coadsorption effects, pure component, binary, ternary components, and mimic flue gas breakthrough experiments were designed and carried out. It suggested that SO₂ and NO was bonded on the adsorbent surface with degradation of NO. A little competitive effect of CO₂ on SO₂ and NO adsorption system were found. Finally, monitoring of coadsorption venting gas, thermodynamic equilibrium species simulation, TPD experiment, and quantum chemical calculation technology were used to examine the interactive effect

DataSheet_1_Development and validation of nomogram models to predict radiotherapy or chemotherapy benefit in stage III/IV gastric adenocarcinoma with surgery.docx

ObjectivesThe advanced gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) patients (stage III/IV) with surgery may have inconsistent prognoses due to different demographic and clinicopathological factors. In this retrospective study, we developed clinical prediction models for estimating the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in advanced GAC patients with surgeryMethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The total population from 2004 to 2015 was divided into four levels according to age, of which 179 were younger than 45 years old, 695 were 45-59 years old, 1064 were 60-74 years old, and 708 were older than 75 years old. There were 1,712 men and 934 women. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for OS and CSS. Nomograms were constructed to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS. The models’ calibration and discrimination efficiency were validated. Discrimination and accuracy were evaluated using the consistency index, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and calibration plots; and clinical usefulness was assessed using decision curve analysis. Cross-validation was also conducted to evaluate the accuracy and stability of the models. Prognostic factors identified by Cox regression were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.ResultsA total of 2,646 patients were included in our OS study. Age, primary site, differentiation grade, AJCC 6th_TNM stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and number of regional nodes examined were identified as prognostic factors for OS in advanced GAC patients with surgery (P th_TNM stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and number of regional nodes examined were identified as risk factors for CSS in these patients (P th_TNM stage in predicting OS and CSS of advanced GAC patients with surgery. Cross-validation also revealed good accuracy and stability of the models.ConclusionThe developed predictive models provided available prognostic estimates for advanced GAC patients with surgery. Our findings suggested that both OS and CSS can benefit from chemotherapy or radiotherapy in these patients.</p

Hematological parameters of <i>P</i>. <i>erythrurus</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>przewalskii</i>.

<p>Hematological parameters of <i>P</i>. <i>erythrurus</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>przewalskii</i>.</p

The loss of 7 hydrogen bonds at α2β1 interface in hwHb1.

<p>(a1–a5) Hydrogen bonds at α2β1 interface present in hsHb1 and lost in hwHb1, (a) Three-dimensional structure of hsHb1 with β12Met.</p

α- and β-globin subunits composition and named of the six Hb models.

<p>α- and β-globin subunits composition and named of the six Hb models.</p

Primer sequence used for RACE amplification.

<p>Primer sequence used for RACE amplification.</p

The reformed of 2 hydrogen bonds at α2β1 interface in hwHb1.

<p>(b1–b2) Hydrogen bonds at α2β1 interface present in hwHb1 and lost in hsHb1, (b) Three-dimensional structure of hwHb1 with β12Ser.</p