Additional file 1: of PU.1 controls the expression of long noncoding RNA HOTAIRM1 during granulocytic differentiation

Figure S1. Arsenic trioxide had minimal effect on the expression levels of HOTAIRM1 and PU.1. Table S1: Primers for RT-qPCR. Table S2: Primers for ChIP-qPCR. (DOCX 35 kb

Environmental Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

<div><p>Background</p><p>Association between polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure and breast cancer risk has been widely studied, but the results remain controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the evidences from observational studies on PCB exposure and breast cancer risk.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Relevant studies with data on internal PCB dose were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, CBM and CNKI databases through November 2014. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess the association between PCB exposure and breast cancer risk. Heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and publication bias test were also performed. To further explore the association between specific groups of PCB congeners and breast cancer, we examined the PCB congeners classified, according to their structural, biological and pharmacokinetics properties, as group I (potentially estrogenic), group II (potentially anti-estrogenic and immunotoxic, dioxin-like), and group III (phenobarbital, CYP1A and CYP2B inducers, biologically persistent).</p><p>Results</p><p>Of 660 studies screened, 25 studies which met criteria were selected, involving a total of 12866 participants (6088 cases and 6778 controls) from eight countries. The results showed that the risk of breast cancer was associated with group II (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08–1.40) and group III (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09–1.43) PCBs, but not with group I (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 0.97–1.24) PCBs or total PCB exposure (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 0.97–1.22).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our meta-analysis based on the selected studies found group II and group III PCB exposure might contribute to the risk of breast cancer. More studies in developing countries with higher PCB levels are needed, as well as studies to explore the relationships between mixtures of organochlorine compounds and breast cancer risk.</p></div

Forest plot describing the association between potentially antiestrogenic and immunotoxic, dioxin-like PCBs (Group II) exposure and breast cancer risk.

<p>Apart from the overall analysis, the subgroup analyses on prospective (upper panels) and retrospective (lower panels) studies are presented. (a) Group II includes PCB congeners 74, 118, 138, 156 and 170; (b) Group II includes PCB congeners 74, 118, 138, 156, and 170; (c) Group IIA includes congeners 66, 77, 105, 118 and 126; (d) Group IIB includes congeners 128, 138 and 170.</p

Forest plot describing the association between total PCB exposure and breast cancer risk.

<p>Apart from the overall analysis, the subgroup analyses on prospective (upper panels) and retrospective (lower panels) studies are presented.</p

Forest plot describing the association between potentially estrogenic PCBs (Group I) exposure and breast cancer risk.

<p>Apart from the overall analysis, the subgroup analyses on prospective (upper panels) and retrospective (lower panels) studies are presented. (a) Group IB includes PCB congeners 177, 187 and 201; (b) Group IA includes PCB congeners 44, 52; (c) Group IB includes congeners 101, 187.</p

Flowchart for study selection.

<p>Flowchart for study selection.</p

Forest plot describing the association between phenobarbital, CYP1A and CYP2B inducers, biologically persistent PCBs (Group III) exposure and breast cancer risk.

<p>Apart from the overall analysis, the subgroup analyses on prospective (upper panels) and retrospective (lower panels) studies are presented. (a) Group III includes 153, 180 and 183; (b) Group III includes 153, 180, and 183; (c) Group III includes congeners 153 and 180.</p

Absorption and Reflection Contributions to the High Performance of Electromagnetic Waves Shielding Materials Fabricated by Compositing Leather Matrix with Metal Nanoparticles

Leather matrix (LM), a natural dielectric material, features a hierarchically suprafibrillar structure and abundant dipoles, which provides the possibility to dissipate electromagnetic waves (EW) energy via dipole relaxation combined with multiple diffuse reflections. Conventionally, metal-based materials are used as EW shielding materials due to that their high conductivity can reflect EW effectively. Herein, a lightweight and high-performance EW shielding composite with both absorption and reflection ability to EW was developed by coating metal nanoparticles (MNPs) onto LM. The as-prepared metal/LM membrane with only 4.58 wt % of coated MNPs showed excellent EW shielding effectiveness of ∼76.0 dB and specific shielding effectiveness of ∼200.0 dB cm³ g^–1 in the frequency range of 0.01–3.0 GHz, implying that more than 99.98% of EW was shielded. Further investigations indicated that the high shielding performances of the metal/LM membrane were attributed to the cooperative shielding mechanism between LM and the coating of MNPs

DOSS^– Based QAILs: As Both Neat Lubricants and Lubricant Additives with Excellent Tribological Properties and Good Detergency

DOSS^– (dioctyl sulfosuccinate) based quaternary ammonium ionic liquids (QAILs) were synthesized and used as both neat lubricants and lubricant additives. The influence of structure on their miscibility, thermal stability, and tribological property was discussed. These QAILs are low cost as compared with conventional halogen-containing ionic liquids (ILs). They are noncorrosive and hydrolysis stable because of their halogen-free characteristics. The tribological properties of these QAILs as neat lubricants for steel/steel and steel/copper contacts are found to be better than conventional halogen-containing ILs 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis­(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)­imide (L-F104) and far better than traditional synthetic lubricant poly-α-olefin (PAO). Moreover, oil-soluble ILs were obtained by properly adjusting the chain length and cation asymmetry of these QAILs, which can be easily dissolved in nonpolar synthetic-oil PAO. They are found to be effective lubricant additives for improving the friction-reducing and antiwear properties of PAO. It is a great advantage as compared with conventional ILs, which have extremely low solubility in PAO and are difficult to be used as lubricant additives for this kind of base oil. Furthermore, the coking test results indicated that the synthesized QAILs have high deterging ability when used as lubricant additives for PAO. Thus, they can restrain carbonaceous deposition as well as oil sludge and varnish formation on the metal contacts during the sliding process. They can also disperse, loosen, and remove the already formed harmful substances and keep the metal contacts clean. The present work may make obvious progress toward preparing low cost, noncorrosive, and environmentally benign IL lubricants in lubrication engineering

DataSheet1_Detection of pediatric drug-induced kidney injury signals using a hospital electronic medical record database.docx

Background: Drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) is one of the most common complications in clinical practice. Detection signals through post-marketing approaches are of great value in preventing DIKI in pediatric patients. This study aimed to propose a quantitative algorithm to detect DIKI signals in children using an electronic health record (EHR) database.Methods: In this study, 12 years of medical data collected from a constructed data warehouse were analyzed, which contained 575,965 records of inpatients from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2020. Eligible participants included inpatients aged 28 days to 18 years old. A two-stage procedure was adopted to detect DIKI signals: 1) stage 1: the suspected drugs potentially associated with DIKI were screened by calculating the crude incidence of DIKI events; and 2) stage 2: the associations between suspected drugs and DIKI were identified in the propensity score-matched retrospective cohorts. Unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the difference in the incidence of DIKI events and to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Potentially new signals were distinguished from already known associations concerning DIKI by manually reviewing the published literature and drug instructions.Results: Nine suspected drugs were initially screened from a total of 652 drugs. Six drugs, including diazepam (OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.43–1.80), omeprazole (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.17–1.54), ondansetron (OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.36–1.63), methotrexate (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.25–1.47), creatine phosphate sodium (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.05–1.22), and cytarabine (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.06–1.28), were demonstrated to be associated with DIKI as positive signals. The remaining three drugs, including vitamin K1 (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.89–1.27), cefamandole (OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 0.94–1.21), and ibuprofen (OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.94–1.09), were found not to be associated with DIKI. Of these, creatine phosphate sodium was considered to be a possible new DIKI signal as it had not been reported in both adults and children previously. Moreover, three other drugs, namely, diazepam, omeprazole, and ondansetron, were shown to be new potential signals in pediatrics.Conclusion: A two-step quantitative procedure to actively explore DIKI signals using real-world data (RWD) was developed. Our findings highlight the potential of EHRs to complement traditional spontaneous reporting systems (SRS) for drug safety signal detection in a pediatric setting.</p