1,091 research outputs found
The Use of Electronic Dictionaries in EFL Classroom
Today’s dictionaries have more information and are easier to access and to understand than ever before. And, with the advent of electronic formats, space is no longer the problem it was. Electronic dictionaries have become more and more attractive, accepted and popular to EFL learners at different levels, using electronic dictionaries in EFL classroom has gradually become an alternative to many. As for teachers, helping students tap into electronic dictionaries effectively is one of the best ways to help them become independent, lifelong language learners. In this essay, the functionality of electronic dictionaries and reasons why they are popular in EFL class will be introduced. Also, some of the current issues related to the integration of electronic dictionaries into EFL instruction and learning will be identified and discussed. The author’s views towards this topic will be presented as well, based on the observation and reflection of using electronic dictionaries in EFL classes at a Chinese university
An enhanced and highly efficient semi-implicit combined Lagrange multiplier approach with preserving original energy law for dissipative systems
Recently, a new Lagrange multiplier approach was introduced by Cheng, Liu and
Shen in \cite{cheng2020new}, which has been broadly used to solve various
challenging phase field problems. To design original energy stable schemes,
they have to solve a nonlinear algebraic equation to determine the introduced
Lagrange multiplier, which can be computationally expensive, especially for
large-scale and long-time simulations involving complex nonlinear terms. This
paper presents an essential improved technique to modify this issue, which can
be seen as a semi-implicit combined Lagrange multiplier approach. In general,
the new constructed schemes keep all the advantages of the Lagrange multiplier
method and significantly reduce the computation costs. Besides, the new
proposed BDF2 scheme dissipates the original energy, as opposed to a modified
energy for the classical Lagrange multiplier approach in \cite{cheng2020new}.
We further construct high-order BDF schemes based on the new proposed
approach. In addition, we establish a general framework for extending our
constructed method to dissipative systems. Finally several examples have been
presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach
Precheck Sequence Based False Base Station Detection During Handover: A Physical Layer Based Security Scheme
False Base Station (FBS) attack has been a severe security problem for the
cellular network since 2G era. During handover, the user equipment (UE)
periodically receives state information from surrounding base stations (BSs)
and uploads it to the source BS. The source BS compares the uploaded signal
power and shifts UE to another BS that can provide the strongest signal. An FBS
can transmit signal with the proper power and attract UE to connect to it. In
this paper, based on the 3GPP standard, a Precheck Sequence-based Detection
(PSD) Scheme is proposed to secure the transition of legal base station (LBS)
for UE. This scheme first analyzes the structure of received signals in blocks
and symbols. Several additional symbols are added to the current signal
sequence for verification. By designing a long table of symbol sequence, every
UE which needs handover will be allocated a specific sequence from this table.
The simulation results show that the performance of this PSD Scheme is better
than that of any existing ones, even when a specific transmit power is designed
for FBS
Curriculum-based Sensing Reduction in Simulation to Real-World Transfer for In-hand Manipulation
Simulation to Real-World Transfer allows affordable and fast training of
learning-based robots for manipulation tasks using Deep Reinforcement Learning
methods. Currently, Sim2Real uses Asymmetric Actor-Critic approaches to reduce
the rich idealized features in simulation to the accessible ones in the real
world. However, the feature reduction from the simulation to the real world is
conducted through an empirically defined one-step curtail. Small feature
reduction does not sufficiently remove the actor's features, which may still
cause difficulty setting up the physical system, while large feature reduction
may cause difficulty and inefficiency in training. To address this issue, we
proposed Curriculum-based Sensing Reduction to enable the actor to start with
the same rich feature space as the critic and then get rid of the
hard-to-extract features step-by-step for higher training performance and
better adaptation for real-world feature space. The reduced features are
replaced with random signals from a Deep Random Generator to remove the
dependency between the output and the removed features and avoid creating new
dependencies. The methods are evaluated on the Allegro robot hand in a
real-world in-hand manipulation task. The results show that our methods have
faster training and higher task performance than baselines and can solve
real-world tasks when selected tactile features are reduced
Ruscogenin alleviates palmitic acid-induced endothelial cell inflammation by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway
Purpose: To investigate the involvement of ruscogenin in palmitic acid (PA)-induced endothelial cell inflammation.
Method: Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were divided into five groups: control (normal untreated cells), PA (cell treated with palmitic acid), and PA + ruscogenin (1, 10, or 30 μM). Cell viability and apoptosis rate were determined using MTT (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5- di-phenytetrazolium bromide) and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The levels of cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of action.
Results: PA treatment decreased the viability of HUVECs and induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). Ruscogenin attenuated PA-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). On the other hand, PA induced an increase in IL-1β, TNF-α, ICAM-1, MCP-1, TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein),as well as NLRP3 (nucleotide oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3), all of which were attenuated by ruscogenin (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Ruscogenin alleviates PA-induced endothelial cell inflammation via TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway, thereby providing an insight into new therapeutic strategies to treat cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: Ruscogenin, Palmitic acid, Endothelial cells, Inflammation, TXNIP, NLRP3, Cardiovascular disease
Energy stable and maximum bound principle preserving schemes for the Q-tensor flow of liquid crystals
In this paper, we propose two efficient fully-discrete schemes for Q-tensor
flow of liquid crystals by using the first- and second-order stabilized
exponential scalar auxiliary variable (sESAV) approach in time and the finite
difference method for spatial discretization. The modified discrete energy
dissipation laws are unconditionally satisfied for both two constructed
schemes. A particular feature is that, for two-dimensional (2D) and a kind of
three-dimensional (3D) Q-tensor flows, the unconditional
maximum-bound-principle (MBP) preservation of the constructed first-order
scheme is successfully established, and the proposed second-order scheme
preserves the discrete MBP property with a mild restriction on the time-step
sizes. Furthermore, we rigorously derive the corresponding error estimates for
the fully-discrete second-order schemes by using the built-in stability
results. Finally, various numerical examples validating the theoretical
results, such as the orientation of liquid crystal in 2D and 3D, are presented
for the constructed schemes
Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Graphene Multilayer Films via Covalent Bonds for Supercapacitor Electrodes
To maximize the utilization of its single-atom thin nature, a facile scheme to fabricate graphene multilayer films via a layer-by-layer self-assembled process was presented. The structure of multilayer films was constructed by covalently bonding graphene oxide (GO) using p-phenylenediamine (PPD) as a covalent cross-linking agent. The assembly process was confirmed to be repeatable and the structure was stable. With the π-π conjugated structure and a large number of spaces in the framework, the graphene multilayer films exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. The uniform ultrathin electrode exhibited a capacitance of 41.71 μF/cm2 at a discharge current of 0.1 μA/cm2, and displayed excellent stability of 88.9 % after 1000 charge-discharge cycles
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