Effectiveness of Tagetes patula against chronic nonbacterial prostatitis in rat model

The effectiveness of water decoction of Tagetes patula was studied against the chronic nonbacterial prostatitis in a rat model induced by estradiol  subcuta-neously in a castrated male rat. The low-dose decoction of T. patula  significantly ameliorated the prostatitis. The low-dose of polysaccharide and supernatant constituent of T. patula decreased the levels of IL-1?, TNF-?, PSA, and EGF, and improved the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in vivo. Further, the chemical study indicated that flavonoids were predominant in the supernatant constituent of T. patula. The flavonoids and polysaccha-rides were the effective constituents against prostatitis and this effect may be mediated by keeping hormone balance and a down-regulation of the in?ammatory mediator level of the prostate. Video Clip of Methodology: 9 min 43 Sec   Full Screen   Alternat

Mechanism Investigation of Tagetes patula L. against Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis by Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology

The major objective of this study was to investigate the anti-chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) mechanism of T. patula by metabolomics and network pharmacology. The study demonstrated that the flavonoids and polysaccharides of T. patula could alleviate prostatitis by improving the level of DHT, reducing the secretion of PSA and TNF-α. Besides, both could enhance Na+/K+-ATPase activity, decrease the O2 consumption, CO2 production, heat production, energy expenditure of rats and promote respiratory exchange ratio of rats. Up to 28 potential biomarkers and 8 key metabolic pathways related to the treatment of CNP were elucidated by the metabolomics analysis, including phenylalanine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism etc. Network pharmacology prediction also reflected the potential mechanism was associated with tryptophan metabolism and energy pathway. Generally, the potential anti-CNP mechanism of flavonoids and polysaccharides of T. patula might be through reducing the expression of inflammation factors, adjusting the level of hormone and regulating the amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and glucose and lipid metabolism

Proteomics Study on Nonallergic Hypersensitivity Induced by Compound 4880 and Ovalbumin

<div><p>Nonallergic hypersensitivity reaction (NHR) accounts for more than 77% of all immune-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions and has become a serious threat to public health. Here, proteomics was used to study the NHR mechanism of two typical substances, the compound 4880 and ovalbumin. Twelve different proteins were suggested as potential biomarkers for examining the NHR mechanism, and our results revealed that the mechanism mainly encompassed 2 processes, i.e., generation and effect processes. The generation process could be classified as direct stimulation, complement (classical and alternative), coagulation, kallikrein-kinin, and integrated pathways. Thus glutathione peroxidase 1, terminal complement complex (complement factor 4d and Bb), coagulation 13, kininogen-1, and IgE could be used as candidate biomarkers for the indication of the corresponding pathways respectively, the proteins were further confirmed by ELISA. And the effect process was mainly composed of histamine as well as proteins such as DCD and MYLPF, which could be used as important indices for the symptoms of NHR. Our study differs from previous studies in that C4880 was found to not only be involved in the direct stimulation pathway, but also in the activated complement and kallikrein-kinin pathways through the coagulation pathway. We also report for the first time that ovalbumin-induced NHR could be a combination of the coagulation, classical complement, and integrated pathways.</p></div

The number of distinct peptides identified in a protein.

<p>The peptides were identified using Mascot, based on a 95% confidence level.</p

The histamine, IgE, F13, Kng1, Gpx1, Sc5b9, C4d and Bb levels of BN rats by ELISA assay.

<p>All values are expressed as means ± SD and analyzed through one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett method to determine significance between the control and experimental groups. Compared to control group, *P<0.05, **P<0.01.</p

Reproducibility of protein identification.

<p>(a) Biologically replicate experiment was processed with iTRAQ analyzing procedure: there were 96 differentially expressed proteins identified in the C4880 group and 121 differential proteins identified in OVA group; the number of total differential proteins in C4880 and OVA groups was 198, 19 differential proteins were common. (b) Coefficients of variation of C4880 and OVA groups comparing with control group.</p

The symptom scores of BN rats.

<p>The symptom scores of BN rats.</p

Molecular functions of the total proteins.

<p>Molecular functions of the total proteins.</p

A proposed generation and effect mechanism study of nonallergic hypersensitivity reaction according to KEGG nomenclature through proteomics.

<p>The levels of potential biomarkers were labeled with “↑” up-regulated, “↓” down-regulated and “-” no significant difference comparing with control group, the left was C4880 group and the right was OVA group.</p