Complexity measures and uncertainty relations of the high-dimensional harmonic and hydrogenic systems

In this work we find that not only the Heisenberg-like uncertainty products and the R\'enyi-entropy-based uncertainty sum have the same first-order values for all the quantum states of the $D$-dimensional hydrogenic and oscillator-like systems, respectively, in the pseudoclassical ($D \to \infty$) limit but a similar phenomenon also happens for both the Fisher-information-based uncertainty product and the Shannon-entropy-based uncertainty sum, as well as for the Cr\'amer-Rao and Fisher-Shannon complexities. Moreover, we show that the LMC (L\'opez-Ruiz-Mancini-Calvet) and LMC-R\'enyi complexity measures capture the hydrogenic-harmonic difference in the high dimensional limit already at first order

Treatment with ML385 mitigated the protective effects of β-PAE on cognitive function and neuroinflammation.

ML385 reversed β-PAE mediated neuroprotective effects as shown in the behavioral test. ML385(1mg/kg in 3μL) was i.c.v injected 2 hours post-CLP. The inhibitory avoidance test and open field test were performed at 24h post-surgery (n = 6–8 in each group). (B) ML385 partially mitigated the anti-inflammatory effects of β-PAE in the brain. TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were measured in brain homogenate by ELISA (n = 6–8 in each group). (C) The protein expression of Sirt1, Nrf2, HO-1 and cleaved-caspase 3 was determined by western-blotting. Samples of hippocampus were collected and prepared in homogenate at 24h after procedure. Summary data are obtained from three independent experiments (n = 4 in each group). *P<0.05 vs.CLP control; #P<0.05 vs. CLP+β-PAE group.</p

β-PAE improved the cognitive function in SAE mice.

Mice were i.c.v injected with a low dose(0.2mg/kg) of β-PAE, high dose(1mg/kg) of β-PAE or saline, respectively. Reagents were all prepared in equal volume of 3μL. Step down inhibitory avoidance test and open field test were performed at 24h, 48h and 7days post-surgery. All presented data are a composite of three independent experiments (n = 6–10 in each group). *P<0.05 vs. Sham control; #P<0.05 vs. CLP control; β-PAE(L), low dose of β-PAE group; β-PAE(H), high dose of β-PAE group.</p

Image_4_The ColRS-Regulated Membrane Protein Gene XAC1347 Is Involved in Copper Homeostasis and hrp Gene Expression in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.TIF

<p>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the major causal agent of citrus canker disease. The XAC1347 gene, which encodes a conserved membrane protein in Xcc, is required for virulence during infection. However, the molecular events mediated by XAC1347 remain unclear. In this study, we reported that XAC1347 gene is positively regulated by two component regulatory system ColRS and required for type III secretion system function. A non-polar deletion mutant of the XAC1347 gene resulted in a Hrp minus phenotype in plants and reduced copper homeostasis. Real-time PCR experiments indicated that XAC1347 gene is induced by copper ions. The expression levels of representative genes from four hrp operons, including hrpB1, hrcV, hrpF, and hrpD6, were reduced in XAC1347 mutant, indicating that XAC1347 is involved hrp gene expression.</p

Bacterial growth in citrus tissue.

<p>Leaf planchets were cut from each infiltration area at 2-d intervals post inoculation to analyze bacterial growth. The values shown are means of three technical repeats with standard deviations.</p

Image_2_The ColRS-Regulated Membrane Protein Gene XAC1347 Is Involved in Copper Homeostasis and hrp Gene Expression in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.TIF

<p>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the major causal agent of citrus canker disease. The XAC1347 gene, which encodes a conserved membrane protein in Xcc, is required for virulence during infection. However, the molecular events mediated by XAC1347 remain unclear. In this study, we reported that XAC1347 gene is positively regulated by two component regulatory system ColRS and required for type III secretion system function. A non-polar deletion mutant of the XAC1347 gene resulted in a Hrp minus phenotype in plants and reduced copper homeostasis. Real-time PCR experiments indicated that XAC1347 gene is induced by copper ions. The expression levels of representative genes from four hrp operons, including hrpB1, hrcV, hrpF, and hrpD6, were reduced in XAC1347 mutant, indicating that XAC1347 is involved hrp gene expression.</p

Image_3_The ColRS-Regulated Membrane Protein Gene XAC1347 Is Involved in Copper Homeostasis and hrp Gene Expression in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.TIF

<p>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the major causal agent of citrus canker disease. The XAC1347 gene, which encodes a conserved membrane protein in Xcc, is required for virulence during infection. However, the molecular events mediated by XAC1347 remain unclear. In this study, we reported that XAC1347 gene is positively regulated by two component regulatory system ColRS and required for type III secretion system function. A non-polar deletion mutant of the XAC1347 gene resulted in a Hrp minus phenotype in plants and reduced copper homeostasis. Real-time PCR experiments indicated that XAC1347 gene is induced by copper ions. The expression levels of representative genes from four hrp operons, including hrpB1, hrcV, hrpF, and hrpD6, were reduced in XAC1347 mutant, indicating that XAC1347 is involved hrp gene expression.</p

Table_3_The ColRS-Regulated Membrane Protein Gene XAC1347 Is Involved in Copper Homeostasis and hrp Gene Expression in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.DOCX

<p>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the major causal agent of citrus canker disease. The XAC1347 gene, which encodes a conserved membrane protein in Xcc, is required for virulence during infection. However, the molecular events mediated by XAC1347 remain unclear. In this study, we reported that XAC1347 gene is positively regulated by two component regulatory system ColRS and required for type III secretion system function. A non-polar deletion mutant of the XAC1347 gene resulted in a Hrp minus phenotype in plants and reduced copper homeostasis. Real-time PCR experiments indicated that XAC1347 gene is induced by copper ions. The expression levels of representative genes from four hrp operons, including hrpB1, hrcV, hrpF, and hrpD6, were reduced in XAC1347 mutant, indicating that XAC1347 is involved hrp gene expression.</p

Expression of cellulase genes in <i>X</i>. <i>citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i>.

<p>(A) RT-PCR analysis of gene transcription in <i>X</i>. <i>citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i> culturing in nutrient broth medium (NB) and growing in citrus. M, DL2000 marker. (B) Detection of BglC3 and EngXCA secretion using immunoblotting. Protein samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted using anti-c-Myc antibodies. TE, Total protein extract; SE, Culture supernatant.</p

Ectopic expression of nine cellulases in <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21(DE3).

<p>(A) Degradation halos on Luria-Bertani plates supplemented with 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose and 1.0 mM isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside. (B) Diameters of the degradation halos. The tests were repeated three times; the data in the figure are the mean values. Two asterisks in the data column indicated significant differences at <i>P</i> = 0.01 by Student’s <i>t</i> test.</p