Intercalation Synthesis of Prussian Blue Analogue Nanocone and Their Conversion into Fe-Doped Co_<i>x</i>P Nanocone for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution

Compared with the monometallic phosphides, bimetallic phosphides can further improve the catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As such, the rational design and facile synthesis of bimetallic-based phosphides with well-controlled architectures and compositions is of scientific and technological importance. In this work, Fe–Co Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanocones (NCs) have been successfully fabricated via an intercalation reaction strategy by utilizing layer structured α-Co­(OH)₂ NCs as self-sacrificing templates. After calcination and phosphorization process, Fe–Co PBA NCs can be converted to Fe-doped Co_<i>x</i>P NCs without obvious shrinkage. Electrochemical tests show that Fe incorporation can effectively promote the electrocatalytic activities of Co_<i>x</i>P. This simple and effective method will be of benefit for the development of other functional Co-based bimetallic compounds. Furthermore, this strategy can possibly be extended to fabricate a series of PBA materials with special structure and novel morphology, which can serve as a promising platform for diverse applications, especially in energy storage and conversion

Calcium Distributions and Concentrations In Control Cells and Cells Exposed to EFs.

<p>(A) Calcium distributions in mouse fibroblasts without EFs as imaged using Fluo-4FF AM for 10 minutes. (B) Electric fields do not induce calcium gradients in cell bodies for 10 minutes or (C) 150 min. (D) EFs do not induce increased [Ca²⁺]_i compared with controls, presented as the ratio (F:F0) for 10 minutes or (E) 150 minutes. Scale bar, 20μm.</p

Venn diagram of shared RNA editing sites among three plant mt genomes.

<p>Venn diagram of shared RNA editing sites among three plant mt genomes.</p

PC3 cells Utilized the Same Galvanotactic Mechanism as Mouse Fibroblasts.

<p>(A) Ni²⁺ (300 μM), SKF96365 (10 μM), AG1478 (10 μM), LY294002 (30 μM), Y27632 (10 μM), U0126 (10 μM), BB (25 μM), CB (1 μg/ml) and knocking down Orai1 expression restricted the galvanotaxis of PC3 cells as well as mouse fibroblasts. (B) The efficiency of the siRNA-mediated knockdown was evaluated using western blotting. n = 3. * (p < 0.05) and ** (p < 0.01). Error bars indicate standard error.</p

Cell Migration in Pulsed Directional Current Fields, Constant Electric Fields of Decreasing Intensity or an Anion-exchange Membrane Between an Agar Bridge and a Platinum Electrode.

<p>Mouse fibroblasts attached to the galvanotaxis chamber were exposed to a direct current electric field for 7 h, and cells’ migration was imaged every 6 min during the experiment. (A) and (B) are pulse direction waveforms of 50% and 75% duty cycles in a 5 V/cm field. (C) Mean speed, vector speed and average cosine of the cellular translocation under different pulse EFs. (D) Mean speed, vector speed and average cosine of the cellular translocation with decreasing EF intensity. The linear relationship between vector speed and electric field intensity is y = 1.865x+0.5913. * (p < 0.05) and ** (p < 0.01). Error bars indicate standard error.</p

The transcript coverage of <i>P.dactylifera</i> mt genome.

a<p>Read number in each genome position. “ = 0" means no transcription activity was observed and the larger the number the higher the gene expression level. Average coverage of 40 highly-conserved genes (∼51,000 bp in length) in <i>P. dactylifera</i> mt genome is 44.26×.</p>b<p>Total length of genomic sequences defined for transcript expression level.</p>c<p>The proportion of transcribed region relative to the whole mt genome.</p

Intra-varietal SNPs among the three cultivars.

a<p>Major and minor genotypes are separated with oblique lines (/).</p>b<p>Numbers of sites are calculated for each cultivar.</p

System for Electrotaxis Experiments.

<p>(A) Schematic drawing of the electric field application. (B) The galvanotaxis chamber was constructed with PDMS in a Petri dish, shown from above or (C) as a transverse section. (D) The total voltage applied to the system and the voltage on the galvanotaxis chamber changed with the current.</p

Schematic Illustration of Fibroblast Directional Sensing in EF.

<p>In fields of direct current, cations move toward the cathode, and anions move toward the anode. Calcium ions permeate the cell through SOCs at the drift velocity, and this was the primary physical mechanism for directional cell motility and sensation of the electrical field. A positively charged RTK moves to the cathode-facing membrane in an electrophoretic process and recruits the PI3K to that surface; then, the PI3K pathway is responsible for cytoskeletal polymerization and cell migration toward the cathode.</p

The PI3K Pathway Was Involved in Galvanotaxis.

<p>Treatment with the RTK inhibitor AG1478 (10 μM), the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (30 μM), the actin polymerization inhibitor CB (1 μg/ml) or the myosin-inhibitor BB (25 μM) abolished cathode-oriented cell migration, but treatment with Y27632 (10 μM) or U0126 (10 μM) did not. * (p < 0.05) and <b>**</b> (p < 0.01) vs EF 5 V/cm control. Error bars indicate standard error.</p