Table_1.XLSX

<p>Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is an important trait that can affect pork quality. Previous studies have identified many genes that can regulate IMF. Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in various biological processes. However, lincRNAs related to IMF in pig are largely unknown, and the mechanisms by which they regulate IMF are yet to be elucidated. Here we reconstructed 105,687 transcripts and identified 1,032 lincRNAs in pig longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of four stages with different IMF contents based on published RNA-seq. These lincRNAs show typical characteristics such as shorter length and lower expression compared with protein-coding genes. Combined with methylation data, we found that both the promoter and genebody methylation of lincRNAs can negatively regulate lincRNA expression. We found that lincRNAs exhibit high correlation with their protein-coding neighbors in expression. Co-expression network analysis resulted in eight stage-specific modules, gene ontology and pathway analysis of them suggested that some lincRNAs were involved in IMF-related processes, such as fatty acid metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, we identified hub lincRNAs and found six of them may play important roles in IMF development. This work detailed some lincRNAs which may affect of IMF development in pig, and facilitated future research on these lincRNAs and molecular assisted breeding for pig.</p

Multi-Chlorine-Substituted Self-Assembled Molecules As Anode Interlayers: Tuning Surface Properties and Humidity Stability for Organic Photovoltaics

Self-assembled small molecules (SASMs) are effective materials to improve the interfacial properties between a metal/metal oxide and the overlying organic layer. In this work, surface modification of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode by a series of Cl-containing SASMs has been exploited to control the surface properties of ITO and device performance for organic photovoltaics. Depending on the position and degrees of chlorination for SASMs, we could precisely manipulate the work function of the ITO electrode, and chemisorption of SASMs on ITO as well. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.1% was achieved with tetrachlorobenzoic acid (2,3,4,5-CBA) SASM by a simple solution-processed method based on PTB7-Th–PC₇₁BM heterojunction. More intriguingly, we discover that device performance is closely associated with the humidity of ambient conditions. When the humidity increases from 35–55% to 80–95%, device performance with 2,3,4,5-CBA has negligible reduction, in contrast with other SASMs that show a sharp reduction in PCEs. The increased device performance is primarily attributed to a matched work function, stable chemisorption, and beneficial wettability with overlying active layer. These findings suggest an available approach for manufacturing inexpensive, stable, efficient, and environmentally friendly organic photovoltaics by appropriate self-assembled small molecules

Data_Sheet_1.FASTA

<p>Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is an important trait that can affect pork quality. Previous studies have identified many genes that can regulate IMF. Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in various biological processes. However, lincRNAs related to IMF in pig are largely unknown, and the mechanisms by which they regulate IMF are yet to be elucidated. Here we reconstructed 105,687 transcripts and identified 1,032 lincRNAs in pig longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of four stages with different IMF contents based on published RNA-seq. These lincRNAs show typical characteristics such as shorter length and lower expression compared with protein-coding genes. Combined with methylation data, we found that both the promoter and genebody methylation of lincRNAs can negatively regulate lincRNA expression. We found that lincRNAs exhibit high correlation with their protein-coding neighbors in expression. Co-expression network analysis resulted in eight stage-specific modules, gene ontology and pathway analysis of them suggested that some lincRNAs were involved in IMF-related processes, such as fatty acid metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, we identified hub lincRNAs and found six of them may play important roles in IMF development. This work detailed some lincRNAs which may affect of IMF development in pig, and facilitated future research on these lincRNAs and molecular assisted breeding for pig.</p

Fluorinated Reduced Graphene Oxide as an Efficient Hole-Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells

In this work, we have rationally designed and successfully synthesized a reduced graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with fluorine atoms (F-rGO) as a hole-transport layer (HTL) for polymer solar cells (PSCs). The resultant F-rGO has an excellent dispersibility in dimethylformamide without any surfactants, leading to a good film-forming property of F-rGO for structuring a stable interface. The recovery of conjugated CC bonds in GO oxide after reduction increases the conductivity of F-rGO, which enhances the short-circuit current density of photovoltaic devices from 15.65 to 16.89 mA/cm². A higher work function (WF) (5.1 eV) of F-rGO than that of GO (4.9 eV) is attributed to the fluorine group with a high electronegativity. Naturally, the better-matched WF with the highest occupied molecular orbital level of the PTB7-Th (5.22 eV) donor induces an improved energy alignment in devices, resulting in a superior open-circuit voltage of the device (0.776 vs 0.786 V). Consequently, the device with F-rGO as the HTL achieves a higher power conversion efficiency (8.6%) with long-term stability than that of the devices with GO HTLs and even higher than that of the poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly­(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) control device. These results clearly verify that the F-rGO is a promising hole-transport material and an ideal replacement for conventional PEDOT/PSS, further promoting the realization of low-cost, solution-processed, high-performance, and high-stability PSCs

Structural basis of FYCO1 and MAP1LC3A interaction reveals a novel binding mode for Atg8-family proteins

<p>FYCO1 (FYVE and coiled-coil domain containing 1) functions as an autophagy adaptor in directly linking autophagosomes with the microtubule-based kinesin motor, and plays an essential role in the microtubule plus end-directed transport of autophagic vesicles. The specific association of FYCO1 with autophagosomes is mediated by its interaction with Atg8-family proteins decorated on the outer surface of autophagosome. However, the mechanistic basis governing the interaction between FYCO1 and Atg8-family proteins is largely unknown. Here, using biochemical and structural analyses, we demonstrated that FYCO1 contains a unique LC3-interacting region (LIR), which discriminately binds to mammalian Atg8 orthologs and preferentially binds to the MAP1LC3A and MAP1LC3B. In addition to uncovering the detailed molecular mechanism underlying the FYCO1 LIR and MAP1LC3A interaction, the determined FYCO1-LIR-MAP1LC3A complex structure also reveals a unique LIR binding mode for Atg8-family proteins, and demonstrates, first, the functional relevance of adjacent sequences C-terminal to the LIR core motif for binding to Atg8-family proteins. Taken together, our findings not only provide new mechanistic insight into FYCO1-mediated transport of autophagosomes, but also expand our understanding of the interaction modes between LIR motifs and Atg8-family proteins in general.</p

Molecular basis of ubiquitin recognition by the autophagy receptor CALCOCO2

<p>The autophagy receptor CALCOCO2/NDP52 functions as a bridging adaptor and plays an essential role in the selective autophagic degradation of invading pathogens by specifically recognizing ubiquitin-coated intracellular pathogens and subsequently targeting them to the autophagic machinery; thereby it is required for innate immune defense against a range of infectious pathogens in mammals. However, the mechanistic basis underlying CALCOCO2-mediated specific recognition of ubiqutinated pathogens is still unknown. Here, using biochemical and structural analyses, we demonstrated that the cargo-binding region of CALCOCO2 contains a dynamic unconventional zinc finger as well as a C₂H₂-type zinc-finger, and only the C₂H₂-type zinc finger specifically recognizes mono-ubiquitin or poly-ubiquitin chains. In addition to elucidating the specific ubiquitin recognition mechanism of CALCOCO2, the structure of the CALCOCO2 C₂H₂-type zinc finger in complex with mono-ubiquitin also uncovers a unique zinc finger-binding mode for ubiquitin. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into how CALCOCO2 targets ubiquitin-decorated pathogens for autophagic degradations.</p

High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells Realized by Regulating the Surface Properties of PEDOT:PSS Interlayer from Ionic Liquids

Significant efforts have been dedicated to the interface engineering of organic photovoltaic device, suggesting that the performance and aging of the device are not only dependent on the active layer, but also governed by the interface with electrodes. In this work, controllable interfacial dipole and conductivity have been achieved in ionic liquids (ILs) modified poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly­(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). We conclude that an appropriate interfacial conductivity is as essential as the suitable work function for an efficient buffer layer. Through forming favorable dipoles for hole transportation and reducing the film resistance by [HOEMIm]­[HSO4] treatment, an averaged performance of 8.64% is obtained for OPVs based on PTB7:PC71BM bulk heterojunction with improved stability. However, the improvement of performance is inconspicuous for OPVs based on PTB7-Th:PC71BM bulk heterojunction due to the incompetent energy level of high concentration ILs-modified PEDOT:PSS. The enhanced in-plane conductivity will reduce shunt resistance, and produce a fake high short-circuit current density (<i>J</i>_sc) with a lower fill factor. We point out that the <i>J</i>_sc can be improved by decreasing series resistance; meanwhile, the accompanying reduced shunt resistance has an unfavorable effect on device performance

Vertical Stratification Engineering for Organic Bulk-Heterojunction Devices

High-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs) can be produced through optimization of component molecular design, coupled with interfacial engineering and control of active layer morphology. However, vertical stratification of the bulk-heterojunction (BHJ), a spontaneous activity that occurs during the drying process, remains an intricate problem yet to be solved. Routes toward regulating the vertical separation profile and evaluating the effects on the final device should be explored to further enhance the performance of OSCs. Herein, we establish a connection between the material surface energy, absorption, and vertical stratification, which can then be linked to photovoltaic conversion characteristics. Through assessing the performance of temporary, artificial vertically stratified layers created by the sequential casting of the individual components to form a multilayered structure, optimal vertical stratification can be achieved. Adjusting the surface energy offset between the substrate results in donor and acceptor stabilization of that stratified layer. Further, a trade-off between the photocurrent generated in the visible region and the amount of donor or acceptor in close proximity to the electrode was observed. Modification of the substrate surface energy was achieved using self-assembled small molecules (SASM), which, in turn, directly impacted the polymer donor to acceptor ratio at the interface. Using three different donor polymers in conjunction with two alternative acceptors in an inverted organic solar cell architecture, the concentration of polymer donor molecules at the ITO (indium tin oxide)/BHJ interface could be increased relative to the acceptor. Appropriate selection of SASM facilitated a synchronized enhancement in external quantum efficiency and power conversion efficiencies over 10.5%