Poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) hydrogels containing hyper-branched poly(amidoamine) for sustained drug release

<p>Hydrogels containing hyper-branched poly(amidoamine) (hb-PAMAM) microenvironments were suggested for the sustained release of ionizable drugs. For this purpose, a series of poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) hydrogels containing hb-PAMAM (PHEA-hb-PAMAM) were prepared by copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with acryl-terminated hb-PAMAM. The hb-PAMAM was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction of triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TT) and piperzaine (PZ). By using nonionic Tegafur and ionizable salicylic acid (SA) as model drugs, the release mechanisms of drugs from PHEA-hb-PAMAM hydrogels were investigated. Compared with the release kinetic of Tegafur, the release rate of SA from the hydrogels was evidently slowed down. Moreover, the release rate of SA can be modulated by the addition of salt. This can be attributed to the ionic interaction of SA with hb-PAMAM microenvironments. By analyzing the release kinetics of SA from the hydrogels, it was found that the release of SA followed non-Fickian diffusion.</p

Supplementary document for Ultra-narrow linewidth and Low-noise Cascading Brillouin Random Fiber Laser with Dual-pump - 6622672.pdf

The power evolutions of Stokes light, pump light, and Rayleigh backscattering light and simulation parameter

Nonionic Cyclodextrin Based Binary System with Upper and Lower Critical Solution Temperature Transitions via Supramolecular Inclusion Interaction

A nonionic binary aqueous interaction system consisting of β-cyclodextrin trimer (β-CD₃) and naphthalene-terminated poly­(ethylene glycol) (PEG-NP₂), which has tunable upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior around room temperature and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior at high temperature, was investigated. In the UCST transition, gel-like aggregates form because of supramolecular inclusion complexation between β-CD₃ and PEG-NP₂. During LCST transition, PEG-NP₂ becomes insoluble in water, which results in its precipitation. The effects of concentration, stoichiometry of the two components, and electrolyte on UCST behavior are discussed. This study provides a new nonionic thermoresponsive material

Visible-Light-Induced Acylative Coupling of Benzoic Acid Derivatives with Alkenes to Dihydrochalcones

A strategy was developed for the visible-light-induced photocatalytic synthesis of dihydrochalcone via the deoxygenation and coupling of benzoic acid derivatives with alkenes using diphenyl sulfide as the O-transfer reagent. Under mild photoredox conditions, a series of dihydrochalcone derivatives were produced in moderate to good yields. A mechanism for the visible-light-induced free-radical coupling was proposed on the basis of the control experiments. The protocol provides a new strategy the generation of acyl radicals from carboxylic acids and the synthesis of dihydrochalcones

Additional file 1 of DNA damage response alterations in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: clinical, molecular, and prognostic implications

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The relationship between DDR mutation and clinical outcome in the TCGA cohort. (A) Overall survival of patients stratified by DDR-mut/wt status in all patients. (B) Progression-free survival of patients stratified by DDR-mut/wt status in all patients. (C) Progression-free survival of patients stratified by DDR-mut/wt status in the immunotherapy cohort

Graphene Thickness Control via Gas-Phase Dynamics in Chemical Vapor Deposition

Graphene has attracted intense research interest due to its exotic properties and potential applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Cu foils has shown great promises for macroscopic growth of high-quality graphene. By delicate design and control of the CVD conditions, here we demonstrate that a nonequilibrium steady state can be achieved in the gas phase along the CVD tube, that is, the active species from methane cracking increase in quantity, which results in a thickness increase continually for graphene grown independently at different positions downstream. In contrast, uniform monolayer graphene is achieved everywhere if Cu foils are distributed simultaneously with equal distance in the tube, which is attributed to the tremendous density shrink of the active species in the gas phase due to the sink effect of the Cu substrates. Our results suggest that the gas-phase reactions and dynamics are critical for the CVD growth of graphene and further demonstrate that the graphene thickness from the CVD growth can be fine-tuned by controlling the gas-phase dynamics. A similar strategy is expected to be feasible to control the growth of other nanostructures from gas phases as well

Quantum Percolation and Magnetic Nanodroplet States in Electronically Phase-Separated Manganite Nanowires

One-dimensional (1D) confinement has been revealed to effectively tune the properties of materials in homogeneous states. The 1D physics can be further enriched by electronic inhomogeneity, which unfortunately remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate the ultrahigh sensitivity to magnetic fluctuations and the tunability of phase stability in the electronic transport properties of self-assembled electronically phase-separated manganite nanowires with extreme aspect ratio. The onset of magnetic nanodroplet state, a precursor to the ferromagnetic metallic state, is unambiguously revealed, which is attributed to the small lateral size of the nanowires that is comparable to the droplet size. Moreover, the quasi-1D anisotropy stabilizes thin insulating domains to form intrinsic tunneling junctions in the low temperature range, which is robust even under magnetic field up to 14 T and thus essentially modifies the classic 1D percolation picture to stabilize a novel quantum percolation state. A new phase diagram is therefore established for the manganite system under quasi-1D confinement for the first time. Our findings offer new insight into understanding and manipulating the colorful properties of the electronically phase-separated systems via dimensionality engineering

Quantum Control of Graphene Plasmon Excitation and Propagation at Heaviside Potential Steps

Quantum mechanical effects of single particles can affect the collective plasmon behaviors substantially. In this work, the quantum control of plasmon excitation and propagation in graphene is demonstrated by adopting the variable quantum transmission of carriers at Heaviside potential steps as a tuning knob. First, the plasmon reflection is revealed to be tunable within a broad range by varying the ratio γ between the carrier energy and potential height, which originates from the quantum mechanical effect of carrier propagation at potential steps. Moreover, the plasmon excitation by free-space photos can be regulated from fully suppressed to fully launched in graphene potential wells also through adjusting γ, which defines the degrees of the carrier confinement in the potential wells. These discovered quantum plasmon effects offer a unified quantum-mechanical solution toward ultimate control of both plasmon launching and propagating, which are indispensable processes in building plasmon circuitry