The Development Strategy of Ice and Snow Tourism in Heilongjiang

Heilongjiang Province has abundant resources for ice and snow tourism which has a time-honored history and its development scale is relatively large. But the ice and snow tourism in other regions at home and abroad is also developing rapidly, Ice and Snow Tourism in Heilongjiang faces significant challenges. Therefore, how to develop ice and snow tourism in Heilongjiang better and faster has become a hot topic for the government, people in the tourism industry, specialists and scholars in Heilongjiang Province. First, they analyzed the current situation of ice and snow tourism in Heilongjiang deeply, based on which they looked for the developing potential of ice and snow tourism in Heilongjiang, and then they used the SWOT analytical method to propose corresponding developing strategies and solutions by analyzing the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of ice and snow tourism in Heilongjiang Province

The Development Countermeasures of Industry Clusters in Northeast China

The development of industry clusters in Northeast China directly influences the development of the economy. From the perspective of the formation mechanism, the industry clusters are divided into the embedded type, the primary type and the derivative type. On the basis of explaining the status quo of industry clusters in Northeast China, such issues as poor embeddedness of embedded industry clusters, unconspicuous brand effect of primary industry clusters and low added value of products of derivative industry clusters have been analyzed. To promote the development of industry clusters in Northeast China, several development countermeasures aimed at the problems have been put forward respectively, including establishing industry supervision and local industry networks, optimizing the international market environment, encouraging local entrepreneurs, establishing regional brands and focusing on promoting the shift of invisible industries

Heilongjiang Petroleum & Petrochemical Service Outsourcing Industry Cluster Construction

Heilongjiang petroleum & petrochemical service outsourcing business covers whole industry chain of upstream, midstream and downstream of petroleum & petrochemical field, and owns technology, software and hardware support system. Petroleum & petrochemical service outsourcing enterprises and related organizations own the conditions of forming petroleum & petrochemical industry cluster, and the construction of petroleum & petrochemical service outsourcing industry cluster has certain necessity and feasibility. The construction goal is “One Base and Two Centers”. The construction measures include the introduction of well-known enterprises, the support to backbone enterprises as well as cultivation and introduction of talents, doing well training work, constructing platform facilities, integrating outsourcing market, strengthening organizational leadership and perfecting policy system, and so forth.Key words: Petroleum & petrochemical; Service outsourcing industry; Industry cluste

Understanding Generalization of Federated Learning via Stability: Heterogeneity Matters

Generalization performance is a key metric in evaluating machine learning models when applied to real-world applications. Good generalization indicates the model can predict unseen data correctly when trained under a limited number of data. Federated learning (FL), which has emerged as a popular distributed learning framework, allows multiple devices or clients to train a shared model without violating privacy requirements. While the existing literature has studied extensively the generalization performances of centralized machine learning algorithms, similar analysis in the federated settings is either absent or with very restrictive assumptions on the loss functions. In this paper, we aim to analyze the generalization performances of federated learning by means of algorithmic stability, which measures the change of the output model of an algorithm when perturbing one data point. Three widely-used algorithms are studied, including FedAvg, SCAFFOLD, and FedProx, under convex and non-convex loss functions. Our analysis shows that the generalization performances of models trained by these three algorithms are closely related to the heterogeneity of clients' datasets as well as the convergence behaviors of the algorithms. Particularly, in the i.i.d. setting, our results recover the classical results of stochastic gradient descent (SGD).Comment: Submitted to NeurIPS 202

Development Countermeasures of Industrial Tourism in the Northeast China

The Northeast Region is a well-known old industrial base in China. The research of industrial tourism of the northeast region and the creation of attractive industrial tourism products have important significance when it comes to the inheritance of the industrial civilization and the revitalization of the old industrial base of northeast region. Through SWOT analysis of industrial tourism of the northeast region, we found that the development of the industrial tourism in Northeast region has such advantages as environment competitiveness, regional advantages, industrial basis advantages and enterprise strength; the disadvantages are the obstacles of the system, the lag of the development, the singleness of the structure, the drab of products, the indeterminacy of the objectives, the inaccuracy of the orientation, and the ill management, etc.; the opportunities are the favorable policy conditions, and the increase of the consumer demand; the threats are that the industrial tourism market order needs further norms and the competition in the industrial tourism market has increased. Based on this analysis result, the W-O stability strategy and the S-O growth strategy are put forward to provide reference for advancing the development of industrial tourism in Northeast China, and promoting northeast economic growth of tourism. Key words: Northeast region; Industrial tourism; SWOT analysi