Summer seasonal amplitude of pulmonary TB cases in Wuhan, 2004–2013.

<p>Abbreviation:SE,standard error;CI,confidence interval.</p>§<p>Two-tailed two dependent samples Student's <i>t</i>-test for difference in seasonal amplitudes.</p>¶<p>Kruskal-Wallis test for all pairwise multiple comparison among seasonal amplitudes.</p><p>Summer seasonal amplitude of pulmonary TB cases in Wuhan, 2004–2013.</p

Pulmonary TB cases in Wuhan, 2004–2013.

<p>Pulmonary TB cases in Wuhan, 2004–2013.</p

The trend component of time series.

<p>The trend component of time series.</p

Spring seasonal amplitude of pulmonary TB cases in Wuhan, 2004–2013.

<p>Abbreviation:SE,standard error; CI,confidence interval.</p>§<p>Two-tailed two dependent samples Student's <i>t</i>-test for difference in seasonal amplitudes.</p>¶<p>Kruskal-Wallis test for all pairwise multiple comparison among seasonal amplitudes.</p><p>Spring seasonal amplitude of pulmonary TB cases in Wuhan, 2004–2013.</p

The seasonal component of time series.

<p>The seasonal component of time series.</p

The original time series of pulmonary TB cases.

<p>The original time series of pulmonary TB cases.</p

Synthesis of C₆₀(O)₃: An Open-Cage Fullerene with a Ketolactone Moiety on the Orifice

Four isomers are currently known for the trioxygenated fullerene derivative C₆₀(O)₃, three regioisomers with all of the oxygen addends as epoxy groups and the unstable ozonide isomer with a 1,2,3-trioxlane ring. Here we report the synthesis of an open-cage isomer for C₆₀(O)₃ with a ketolactone moiety embedded into the fullerene skeleton through a three-step procedure mediated by fullerene peroxide chemistry. Two fullerene skeleton carbon–carbon bonds are cleaved in the process. The open-cage derivative C₆₀(O)₃ can be converted back to C₆₀ through deoxygenation with PPh₃. Single crystal X-ray structure confirmed the open-cage structure

Curculio incanus

Four isomers are currently known for the trioxygenated fullerene derivative C₆₀(O)₃, three regioisomers with all of the oxygen addends as epoxy groups and the unstable ozonide isomer with a 1,2,3-trioxlane ring. Here we report the synthesis of an open-cage isomer for C₆₀(O)₃ with a ketolactone moiety embedded into the fullerene skeleton through a three-step procedure mediated by fullerene peroxide chemistry. Two fullerene skeleton carbon–carbon bonds are cleaved in the process. The open-cage derivative C₆₀(O)₃ can be converted back to C₆₀ through deoxygenation with PPh₃. Single crystal X-ray structure confirmed the open-cage structure

Global Transcriptomic Analysis of the Response of <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> to Vanillin

<div><p>Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable resource for biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Vanillin is one of the major phenolic inhibitors in biomass production using lignocellulose. To assess the response of <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> to vanillin stress, we performed a global transcriptional response analysis. The transcriptional data showed that the vanillin stress not only affected the genes involved in degradation of vanillin, but also differentially regulated several genes related to the stress response, ribosome/translation, protein secretion, and the cell envelope. Moreover, deletion of the <i>sigH</i> or <i>msrA</i> gene in <i>C</i>. <i>glutamicum</i> resulted in a decrease in cell viability under vanillin stress. These insights will promote further engineering of model industrial strains, with enhanced tolerance or degradation ability to vanillin to enable suitable production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass.</p></div

Response of <i>C</i>. <i>glutamicum</i> to vanillin.

<p>Schematic diagram of the genes involved in the response of <i>C</i>. <i>glutamicum</i> to vanillin stress.</p