Planting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes onto Epoxidized Soybean Oil-Based Vitrimer to Construct a Biobased Photothermal Superhydrophobic Coating with Self-Healing and Closed-Loop Recyclability for Anti/Deicing

Endowing superhydrophobic coatings (SHCs) with photothermal properties has become a promising approach to overcoming the icephobic performance failure of SHCs in low-temperature and high-humidity environments. However, the reported photothermal SHCs rely on petroleum-based resources and are nonrecyclable, which is not conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection. In addition, they are also prone to external damage that shortens their service life. Herein, a fully biobased epoxy vitrimer with self-healing and closed-recyclability was prepared by curing epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with a fully biobased imine-containing curing agent derived from 1,10-diaminodecane and vanillin. Subsequently, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were planted on the surface of the ESO-based vitrimer to create a superhydrophobic coating, taking advantage of the dissolution and swelling behavior of solvents. MWCNTs can spontaneously form micro/nanostructures on the surface of the vitrimer due to the planting method, endowing the coating with excellent anti/deicing (ice delaying time: 622 s, ice adhesion strength: 11.2 kPa) and photothermal deicing performance (remove surface frost or ice within 30 s). More importantly, the coating possessed the ability for photothermal self-healing thanks to the photothermal effect of MWCNTs and the bond exchangeability of the vitrimer, which is beneficial for achieving remote and precise self-healing. At the same time, the dynamic imine bonds in the vitrimer can give the coating excellent closed-loop recycling. This study has a guiding significance for the sustainable development of photothermal coatings and the recycling of composite coatings

Planting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes onto Epoxidized Soybean Oil-Based Vitrimer to Construct a Biobased Photothermal Superhydrophobic Coating with Self-Healing and Closed-Loop Recyclability for Anti/Deicing

Endowing superhydrophobic coatings (SHCs) with photothermal properties has become a promising approach to overcoming the icephobic performance failure of SHCs in low-temperature and high-humidity environments. However, the reported photothermal SHCs rely on petroleum-based resources and are nonrecyclable, which is not conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection. In addition, they are also prone to external damage that shortens their service life. Herein, a fully biobased epoxy vitrimer with self-healing and closed-recyclability was prepared by curing epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with a fully biobased imine-containing curing agent derived from 1,10-diaminodecane and vanillin. Subsequently, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were planted on the surface of the ESO-based vitrimer to create a superhydrophobic coating, taking advantage of the dissolution and swelling behavior of solvents. MWCNTs can spontaneously form micro/nanostructures on the surface of the vitrimer due to the planting method, endowing the coating with excellent anti/deicing (ice delaying time: 622 s, ice adhesion strength: 11.2 kPa) and photothermal deicing performance (remove surface frost or ice within 30 s). More importantly, the coating possessed the ability for photothermal self-healing thanks to the photothermal effect of MWCNTs and the bond exchangeability of the vitrimer, which is beneficial for achieving remote and precise self-healing. At the same time, the dynamic imine bonds in the vitrimer can give the coating excellent closed-loop recycling. This study has a guiding significance for the sustainable development of photothermal coatings and the recycling of composite coatings

Planting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes onto Epoxidized Soybean Oil-Based Vitrimer to Construct a Biobased Photothermal Superhydrophobic Coating with Self-Healing and Closed-Loop Recyclability for Anti/Deicing

Endowing superhydrophobic coatings (SHCs) with photothermal properties has become a promising approach to overcoming the icephobic performance failure of SHCs in low-temperature and high-humidity environments. However, the reported photothermal SHCs rely on petroleum-based resources and are nonrecyclable, which is not conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection. In addition, they are also prone to external damage that shortens their service life. Herein, a fully biobased epoxy vitrimer with self-healing and closed-recyclability was prepared by curing epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with a fully biobased imine-containing curing agent derived from 1,10-diaminodecane and vanillin. Subsequently, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were planted on the surface of the ESO-based vitrimer to create a superhydrophobic coating, taking advantage of the dissolution and swelling behavior of solvents. MWCNTs can spontaneously form micro/nanostructures on the surface of the vitrimer due to the planting method, endowing the coating with excellent anti/deicing (ice delaying time: 622 s, ice adhesion strength: 11.2 kPa) and photothermal deicing performance (remove surface frost or ice within 30 s). More importantly, the coating possessed the ability for photothermal self-healing thanks to the photothermal effect of MWCNTs and the bond exchangeability of the vitrimer, which is beneficial for achieving remote and precise self-healing. At the same time, the dynamic imine bonds in the vitrimer can give the coating excellent closed-loop recycling. This study has a guiding significance for the sustainable development of photothermal coatings and the recycling of composite coatings

Planting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes onto Epoxidized Soybean Oil-Based Vitrimer to Construct a Biobased Photothermal Superhydrophobic Coating with Self-Healing and Closed-Loop Recyclability for Anti/Deicing

Endowing superhydrophobic coatings (SHCs) with photothermal properties has become a promising approach to overcoming the icephobic performance failure of SHCs in low-temperature and high-humidity environments. However, the reported photothermal SHCs rely on petroleum-based resources and are nonrecyclable, which is not conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection. In addition, they are also prone to external damage that shortens their service life. Herein, a fully biobased epoxy vitrimer with self-healing and closed-recyclability was prepared by curing epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with a fully biobased imine-containing curing agent derived from 1,10-diaminodecane and vanillin. Subsequently, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were planted on the surface of the ESO-based vitrimer to create a superhydrophobic coating, taking advantage of the dissolution and swelling behavior of solvents. MWCNTs can spontaneously form micro/nanostructures on the surface of the vitrimer due to the planting method, endowing the coating with excellent anti/deicing (ice delaying time: 622 s, ice adhesion strength: 11.2 kPa) and photothermal deicing performance (remove surface frost or ice within 30 s). More importantly, the coating possessed the ability for photothermal self-healing thanks to the photothermal effect of MWCNTs and the bond exchangeability of the vitrimer, which is beneficial for achieving remote and precise self-healing. At the same time, the dynamic imine bonds in the vitrimer can give the coating excellent closed-loop recycling. This study has a guiding significance for the sustainable development of photothermal coatings and the recycling of composite coatings

Planting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes onto Epoxidized Soybean Oil-Based Vitrimer to Construct a Biobased Photothermal Superhydrophobic Coating with Self-Healing and Closed-Loop Recyclability for Anti/Deicing

Endowing superhydrophobic coatings (SHCs) with photothermal properties has become a promising approach to overcoming the icephobic performance failure of SHCs in low-temperature and high-humidity environments. However, the reported photothermal SHCs rely on petroleum-based resources and are nonrecyclable, which is not conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection. In addition, they are also prone to external damage that shortens their service life. Herein, a fully biobased epoxy vitrimer with self-healing and closed-recyclability was prepared by curing epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with a fully biobased imine-containing curing agent derived from 1,10-diaminodecane and vanillin. Subsequently, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were planted on the surface of the ESO-based vitrimer to create a superhydrophobic coating, taking advantage of the dissolution and swelling behavior of solvents. MWCNTs can spontaneously form micro/nanostructures on the surface of the vitrimer due to the planting method, endowing the coating with excellent anti/deicing (ice delaying time: 622 s, ice adhesion strength: 11.2 kPa) and photothermal deicing performance (remove surface frost or ice within 30 s). More importantly, the coating possessed the ability for photothermal self-healing thanks to the photothermal effect of MWCNTs and the bond exchangeability of the vitrimer, which is beneficial for achieving remote and precise self-healing. At the same time, the dynamic imine bonds in the vitrimer can give the coating excellent closed-loop recycling. This study has a guiding significance for the sustainable development of photothermal coatings and the recycling of composite coatings

Promoted Chondrogenesis of Cocultured Chondrocytes and Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Hypoxia Using In-situ Forming Degradable Hydrogel Scaffolds

We investigated the effects of different oxygen tension (21% and 2.5% O₂) on the chondrogenesis of different cell systems cultured in pH-degradable PVA hydrogels, including human articular chondrocytes (hACs), human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), and their cocultures with a hAC/hMSC ratio of 20/80. These hydrogels were prepared with vinyl ether acrylate-functionalized PVA (PVA-VEA) and thiolated PVA-VEA (PVA-VEA-SH) via Michael-type addition reaction. The rheology tests determined the gelation of the hydrogels was controlled within 2–7 min, dependent on the polymer concentrations. The different cell systems were cultured in the hydrogel scaffolds for 5 weeks, and the safranin O and GAG assay showed that hypoxia (2.5% O₂) greatly promoted the cartilage matrix production with an order of hAC > hAC/hMSC > hMSC. The real time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) revealed that the hMSC group exhibited the highest hypertrophic marker gene expression (COL10A1, ALPL, MMP13) as well as the dedifferentiated marker gene expression (COL1A1) under normoxia conditions (21% O₂), while these expressions were greatly inhibited by coculturing with a 20% amount of hACs and significantly further repressed under hypoxia conditions, which was comparative to the sole hAC group. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) also showed that coculture of hMSC/hAC greatly reduced the catabolic gene expression of MMP1 and MMP3 compared with the hMSC group. It is obvious that the hypoxia conditions promoted the chondrogenesis of hMSC by adding a small amount of hACs, and also effectively inhibited their hypotrophy. We are convinced that coculture of hAC/hMSC using in situ forming hydrogel scaffolds is a promising approach to producing cell source for cartilage engineering without the huge needs of primary chondrocyte harvest and expansion

DataSheet_2_Gene expression analysis in endometriosis: Immunopathology insights, transcription factors and therapeutic targets.zip

BackgroundEndometriosis is recognized as an estrogen-dependent inflammation disorder, estimated to affect 8%-15% of women of childbearing age. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis are not completely clear. Underlying mechanism for endometriosis is still under debate and needs further exploration. The involvement of transcription factors and immune mediations may be involved in the pathophysiological process of endometriosis, but the specific mechanism remains to be explored. This study aims to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms in endometriosis.MethodsThe gene expression profile of endometriosis was obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were applied to the endometriosis GSE7305 datasets. Cibersort and MCP-counter were used to explore the immune response gene sets, immune response pathway, and immune environment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and screened. Common biological pathways were being investigated using the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Transcription factors were from The Human Transcription Factors. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) model identified four differential expressions of transcription factors (AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB). Their diagnostic value was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and validated in the validation cohort (GSE11691, GSE23339). By constructing the interaction network of crucial transcription factors, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to search for key module genes. Metascape was used for enrichment analysis of essential module genes and obtained HOXB6, KLF2. The HOXB6 and KLF2 were further verified as the only two intersection genes according to Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest models. We constructed ceRNA (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) networks with four potential transcription factors. Finally, we performed molecular docking for goserelin and dienogest with four transcription factors (AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB) to screen potential drug targets.ResultsImmune and metabolic pathways were enriched in GSVA and GSEA. In single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), most immune infiltrating cells, immune response gene sets, and immune response pathways are differentially expressed between endometriosis and non-endometriosis. Twenty-seven transcription factors were screened from differentially expressed genes. Most of the twenty-seven transcription factors were correlated with immune infiltrating cells, immune response gene sets and immune response pathways. Furthermore, Adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (AEBP1), Homeobox B6 (HOXB6), Kruppel Like Factor 2 (KLF2) and RAR Related Orphan Receptor B (RORB) were selected out from twenty-seven transcription factors. ROC analysis showed that the four genes had a high diagnostic value for endometriosis. In addition, KLF2 and HOXB6 were found to play particularly important roles in multiple modules (String, WGCNA, SVM-RFE, random forest) on the gene interaction network. Using the ceRNA network, we found that NEAT1 may regulate the expressions of AEBP1, HOXB6 and RORB, while X Inactive Specific Transcript (XIST) may control the expressions of HOXB6, RORB and KLF2. Finally, we found that goserelin and dienogest may be potential drugs to regulate AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2 and RORB through molecular docking.ConclusionsAEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB may be potential biomarkers for endometriosis. Two of them, KLF2 and HOXB6, are critical molecules in the gene interaction network of endometriosis. Discovered by molecular docking, AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB are targets for goserelin and dienogest.</p

DataSheet_3_Gene expression analysis in endometriosis: Immunopathology insights, transcription factors and therapeutic targets.pdf

BackgroundEndometriosis is recognized as an estrogen-dependent inflammation disorder, estimated to affect 8%-15% of women of childbearing age. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis are not completely clear. Underlying mechanism for endometriosis is still under debate and needs further exploration. The involvement of transcription factors and immune mediations may be involved in the pathophysiological process of endometriosis, but the specific mechanism remains to be explored. This study aims to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms in endometriosis.MethodsThe gene expression profile of endometriosis was obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were applied to the endometriosis GSE7305 datasets. Cibersort and MCP-counter were used to explore the immune response gene sets, immune response pathway, and immune environment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and screened. Common biological pathways were being investigated using the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Transcription factors were from The Human Transcription Factors. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) model identified four differential expressions of transcription factors (AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB). Their diagnostic value was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and validated in the validation cohort (GSE11691, GSE23339). By constructing the interaction network of crucial transcription factors, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to search for key module genes. Metascape was used for enrichment analysis of essential module genes and obtained HOXB6, KLF2. The HOXB6 and KLF2 were further verified as the only two intersection genes according to Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest models. We constructed ceRNA (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) networks with four potential transcription factors. Finally, we performed molecular docking for goserelin and dienogest with four transcription factors (AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB) to screen potential drug targets.ResultsImmune and metabolic pathways were enriched in GSVA and GSEA. In single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), most immune infiltrating cells, immune response gene sets, and immune response pathways are differentially expressed between endometriosis and non-endometriosis. Twenty-seven transcription factors were screened from differentially expressed genes. Most of the twenty-seven transcription factors were correlated with immune infiltrating cells, immune response gene sets and immune response pathways. Furthermore, Adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (AEBP1), Homeobox B6 (HOXB6), Kruppel Like Factor 2 (KLF2) and RAR Related Orphan Receptor B (RORB) were selected out from twenty-seven transcription factors. ROC analysis showed that the four genes had a high diagnostic value for endometriosis. In addition, KLF2 and HOXB6 were found to play particularly important roles in multiple modules (String, WGCNA, SVM-RFE, random forest) on the gene interaction network. Using the ceRNA network, we found that NEAT1 may regulate the expressions of AEBP1, HOXB6 and RORB, while X Inactive Specific Transcript (XIST) may control the expressions of HOXB6, RORB and KLF2. Finally, we found that goserelin and dienogest may be potential drugs to regulate AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2 and RORB through molecular docking.ConclusionsAEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB may be potential biomarkers for endometriosis. Two of them, KLF2 and HOXB6, are critical molecules in the gene interaction network of endometriosis. Discovered by molecular docking, AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB are targets for goserelin and dienogest.</p

DataSheet_1_Gene expression analysis in endometriosis: Immunopathology insights, transcription factors and therapeutic targets.zip

BackgroundEndometriosis is recognized as an estrogen-dependent inflammation disorder, estimated to affect 8%-15% of women of childbearing age. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis are not completely clear. Underlying mechanism for endometriosis is still under debate and needs further exploration. The involvement of transcription factors and immune mediations may be involved in the pathophysiological process of endometriosis, but the specific mechanism remains to be explored. This study aims to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms in endometriosis.MethodsThe gene expression profile of endometriosis was obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were applied to the endometriosis GSE7305 datasets. Cibersort and MCP-counter were used to explore the immune response gene sets, immune response pathway, and immune environment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and screened. Common biological pathways were being investigated using the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Transcription factors were from The Human Transcription Factors. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) model identified four differential expressions of transcription factors (AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB). Their diagnostic value was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and validated in the validation cohort (GSE11691, GSE23339). By constructing the interaction network of crucial transcription factors, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to search for key module genes. Metascape was used for enrichment analysis of essential module genes and obtained HOXB6, KLF2. The HOXB6 and KLF2 were further verified as the only two intersection genes according to Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest models. We constructed ceRNA (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) networks with four potential transcription factors. Finally, we performed molecular docking for goserelin and dienogest with four transcription factors (AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB) to screen potential drug targets.ResultsImmune and metabolic pathways were enriched in GSVA and GSEA. In single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), most immune infiltrating cells, immune response gene sets, and immune response pathways are differentially expressed between endometriosis and non-endometriosis. Twenty-seven transcription factors were screened from differentially expressed genes. Most of the twenty-seven transcription factors were correlated with immune infiltrating cells, immune response gene sets and immune response pathways. Furthermore, Adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (AEBP1), Homeobox B6 (HOXB6), Kruppel Like Factor 2 (KLF2) and RAR Related Orphan Receptor B (RORB) were selected out from twenty-seven transcription factors. ROC analysis showed that the four genes had a high diagnostic value for endometriosis. In addition, KLF2 and HOXB6 were found to play particularly important roles in multiple modules (String, WGCNA, SVM-RFE, random forest) on the gene interaction network. Using the ceRNA network, we found that NEAT1 may regulate the expressions of AEBP1, HOXB6 and RORB, while X Inactive Specific Transcript (XIST) may control the expressions of HOXB6, RORB and KLF2. Finally, we found that goserelin and dienogest may be potential drugs to regulate AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2 and RORB through molecular docking.ConclusionsAEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB may be potential biomarkers for endometriosis. Two of them, KLF2 and HOXB6, are critical molecules in the gene interaction network of endometriosis. Discovered by molecular docking, AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB are targets for goserelin and dienogest.</p

Model I linear regression of mean forearm length against latitude of females and males (n = 16).

<p>Model I linear regression of mean forearm length against latitude of females and males (n = 16).</p